Man wildlife conflict Essay

MAN WILDLIFE CONFLICTIntroductionHuman incorrect action booking refers to the interaction amid mis scootn animals and citizenry and the serial disconfirming impact on wad or their picks, or wild animals or their habitat. It occurs when growing kind-hearted being populations overlap with established wild breeding down, creating reduction of resources or life to or so people and/or wild animals. battle surrounded by people and animals is one of the main threats to the go on survival of many species in different split of the world, and is a exchangeable a significant threat to topical anesthetic piece beings populations. If solutions to deviations ar not adequate, local concomitant for conservation in addition declines. Human-wildlife bout is a severe obstacle to wildlife conservation worldwide and is be flood tide to a greater extent prevalent as valet populations increase, developing expounds, the orbiculate climate changes and other homo and surro undal factors put in people and wildlife in greater c both competition for a shrinking resource base.Improving our responses to human-wildlife difference of opinion requires greater consultation not ripe flat among wildlife professionals and between their organizations, except if also with economic and social development organizations, land use planners, agribusiness, and other key nullifying makers. Successful responses to conservation competitivenesss frequently require psyche professionals to reach exterior their own disciplines for compulsory as wellls, skills and perspectives. interdisciplinary collaboration, as well as collaboration between sectors, is critical to improving the down the stairsstanding of underlying causes needed to shift the emphasis from reactive mitigation of encounter to proactive pr eventidetion strategies.The Human- sicklife Conflict Collaboration (HWCC) is pioneering efforts to despatch collaborative learning among diverse partners so t hat we whitethorn improve our collective ability to address the reservoir causes of conservation conflicts. HWCC is unique in that it provides a apathetic global gathering upon which to convene the individuals, institutions and sectors working on, or affected by, conflict in conservation. Through this forum and our collaborative work, we will help wildlife professionals and key decision makers shift our efforts from a reactive mitigation of human-wildlife conflict to a proactive, prevention of all told conservation conflicts. commentaryThe Creating Co-existence workshop at the 5th Annual adult male park Congress defined human-wildlife conflict as Human-wildlife conflict occurs when the needs and behavior of wildlife impact negatively on the goals of humans or when the goals of humans negatively impact the needs of wildlife. Nature of human-wildlife conflictsAs human population extends to wild animal habitats, natural wildlife territory is dis issued. The population density of wildlife and humans overlaps increase their interaction thus resulting in increased physical conflict. Byproducts of human existence offer un-natural opportunity for wildlife in the general anatomy of food and shelter, resulting in increased interference and potentially destructive threat for both man and animals. diverse forms of humanwildlife conflict occur with various negative results. Some of these ar Animal deathsCrop wrongfulnessDamage to propertyDestruction of habitatInjuries to peopleInjuries to wildlifeLive nervous strain depredationLoss of human life, much(prenominal) as by Tiger attack nurture on man-wildlife conflicts in Kerala during the period 1983-93 were collected from the business records of the Divisional woodland Offices and by Visiting aras from where man-wildlife conflicts were account. oxen lifting was mainly due to Panther (Panthera pardus) Tiger (Panthera tigris) and Wild Dog (Cuon alpinus). Eighty nine purgetle lifting cases were reported during the period. Thirty one human deaths and 64 wounding cases were also reported, mostly due to Elephants. Out of the make out compensation claimed for cattle lifting only 20% was disbursed and only 14% were disbursed for human casualties. Electric fences using energizers whitethorn solve the problem temporarily.Resettling of villagers from inside the forest areas is also advisable. The southern state of Karnataka has got some of the most pristine forests in Western Ghats spanning the districts of North Kanara, Dharwad,Belgaum, Shimoga, Udupi, Mangalore, Chikmagalur, Hassan, Madikeri, Mysore and Chamrajnagar. The forests in these districts are quite rich in wild life as can be expected, the most renowned wildlife in these forests being Elephants, Tigers, Leopards among other animals. In the shrivelled tracts of these and other districts where the topography is mostly plains with scattered rocky out fit outs of hills the wildlife consists of Bear, barren bucks and Leopards. The dif ference is only in the extent of reparation and the compute of lives lost.The problem of Man Elephant conflict is more(prenominal) than severe in the districts of Hassan and Madikeri where large-mouthed herds of elephants can be seen roaming and marauding the farms especially in or darling the forest areas damaging the valuable agricultural crops. At times there study been issue of human lives which only accentuates the problem taking this conflict to an unaccompanied impudent level. Naturally people can jump out the evil of agricultural crops still not the loss of their family members. nevertheless then who is responsible for all this? It is we who ache intruded into their territory, converting the forests into agricultural farms, growing crops and inviting the elephants to our doorsteps to come and stick their accept fill. Its we who gestate fragmented their habitat by qualification roads, dams and canals.We have honeycombed their habitat by our so called dev elopmental activities eating into their homelands and this appetite of ours for their areas is only increasing day by day with the bulging human population. The elephants in these areas seem to have a really peculiar habit. First they have their stomach fill. later on that they roam around in chase of arak which is usually being di easeed in local bhatties. The arrack or the distil waste gives them a subtle kick and these drunken elephants are responsible for the loss of human lives. The tools employed by the forest surgical incision like bursting of crackers, gunshots or fire torches are too primitive to stop or s manage extraneous the marauding pack of drunken elephants.The Man-Leopard conflict is more visible in the transition zone between dry plain lands and the green hilly areas. In the Chikmagalur district it is more a problem in the dry taluqa of Kadur particularly bordering villages of Kadur and Chikmagalur taluqa where the dry tract ends. Kadur is the placewhich earne d a bad name for it more or less 10 years back. It was here where large human action of panthers had to be shot and killed by employing and bringing so called sharp shooters from all over the state in search of an illusive so called man-eater panther. The end result of all this hunting spree was that both day and night several panthers were shot and brought to the line mortem table, post mortem was carried out and the killed panther was declared costless as no human remains could be detected inside till finally some human hair remnants were detected in one and then only this shooting spree came to a halt.It is debatable whether it was really required to kill such(prenominal) a large amount of panthers which is an endangered species but perhaps the department had no means to point the errant panther and hence large number of panthers had to be killed in search of that illusive disobedient one. Moreover at times one is set by the urge to be seen as try his best. Probably th is urge opened the floodgates and gradually people took the practice of law into their own hands estimateing that why to wait for the forest department when they can themselves apprise panthers a lesson. Same happened some time back. A family of a mother panther and its two gravid up cubs was seen in the vicinity of a village. They track down a calf and ate it partially in the beginning they were chased away by the villagers. Once they left, the carcass of the calf was nicely poisoned. When the mother and the cub returned unsuspectingly next day, they consumed the remains and in the process died themselves.Leopards by nature tend to stray into the habitations in search of their kill. Their natural prey is becoming rare in the forests and the omnipresent cattle and dogs in the vicinity of the villages on the periphery of forest brings them in close conflict of the human beings. In some other areas also few panthers have had to lose their lives being caught in the snares. These s nares are ameliorate in the barbed electrify fence of coffee estates, not necessarily by the estate owners but at times by their labour in order to catch wild boars or smaller animals. However it is the panthers and Sambars who have had to comport the price with their lives for their adventure in to the estates.The Man- Tiger conflicts are by and large restricted to the full(prenominal) forests and the coffee estates in the vicinity of forests in Chikmagalur district. These conflicts also make grow due to depredation by tigers on the cattle or getting entangled in the snares fixed in the fencings of the estates. Few tigershave been killed due to such snares.In Chikmagalur, Hassan, Kodagu and other Western Ghat districts Coffee plantations are an integral part of the topography. The conditions available in the coffee estates make them very close to look like forest. Presence of cattle in such areas makes them rarefied hunting grounds for the tigers and leopards bringing them in direct conflict with the villagers. Moreover there are large number of authorized and unauthorized muzzle shipment guns available making it very difficult for the wild life to survive.Primary reason for all these conflicts is atomization of the wild habitat. Whereas few patches have been brought under the saving network by declaring them as National Parks or Sanctuaries, about 85-90% of the forest areas are still outside this network. While there can be no doubt that establishing this network has contributed significantly to wildlife conservation. But real problem is that even these networks are also fragmented. Whereas total concentration in these parks and sanctuaries is on wildlife protection making the conditions ideal for wildlife, but what about the wildlife staying in forest areas outside these networks. Wildlife get alongs no boundaries. insane asylum of ideal conditions in sanctuaries has helped wildlife to multiply rapidly but where is the additional habitat required to take care of the additional population of animals, which tries to flow over to the attached areas only to get killed. This is particularly so with turn over to the wild animals having territorial tendencies. in that respect is need to have a continuous conservation network with comfortable area and resources to take care of the progeny. Right now almost no effort is being make to take up wild life cerebrate management works outside the parks and sanctuaries. The lands outside the parks and sanctuaries (even inside also) are constantly under threat of encroachment. Honeycombing of the forestlands has already reached extreme.The tools employed by the establishment in reducing the Man and Wildlife Conflicts are super insufficient and hence not producing desired results. If we recall that paying a few hundred or thousands Rupees to a person as compensation for crop damages by elephants or for a cattle killed by aleopard or tiger would moreover our wildlife from getting pois oned or shot, then it is nothing but our shortsightedness.Even this so-called wildlife compensation is paid to him later making innumerable trips to the concerned office. The farmer has to drop out his earnings for each day he has to attend the office, he has to pay from his pocket for the bus find fault and has to undergo physical strain . And what he gets is just few hundred rupees. Such hardships discourage him and in the process he gets encouraged to take the law into his own hands and to settle scores with his tormentor- the wildlife. There are only losers on both the sides.The Forest officials are also at times not acting in tandem. There is no coordination among the conterminous units. Particularly in case of elephant herds movements between the near units it can be seen. Everybody wants to drive away the herds to another(prenominal) adjoining unit without giving any thought. It only complicates the problems.Need of the hour is to have a stock of the real problem. And t hen only solutions can be found. We tend to take each problem in a routine manner. There is a vogue to leave the things to lower subordinates. The magnates that be have to take everybody into confidence, discuss the issue threadbare and then have to take a conscious(p) decision. A conscious policy decision need not be essentially sweet and liked by all but it may herald a new era where people and wildlife both can coexist beneficially.How would you react to an elephant in your backyard or a pack in your garden? As human populations expand and natural habitats shrink, people and animals are increasingly coming into conflict over living space and food.From baboons in Namibia attacking young cattle, to greater one-horned rhinos in Nepal destroying crops, to orangutans in oil palm plantations, to European bears and wolves killing origin the problem is universal, affects rich and poor, and is bad news for all concerned.The impacts are often huge.People lose their crops, livestock, property, and sometimes their lives. The animals, many of which are already threatened or endangered, are often killed in retaliation or to prevent future conflicts.What are the reason for conflict between man and animals?The main reason is that man, contrasted other animals change the environment around him sort of of adjusting himself according to the environment. By doing this he disturbes other animals, with wise(p) and without knowing .Thus he creates a conflict.Human beings think that they have a right to control everything (a scientifically granted or a god given right) That is because the power of thought he posseses. And because he is the most intelligent being on earth.But hostile human beings animals do not posses a power of thought, thus they with out thinking or knowing block the path of humans. Even a cat stealing a fish from a kitchen is a conflict, yet the cat only hope to touch its need of food not to steal it away. some other reason is increasing of developm ent of physical things make by human beings. The human population is high because he knoes the way to heal, thus the need of land is high both for cultivation and living.Many animals have lost their home lands so they go serching for lands in human habitat areas. In many countries it is a magnanimous issue because animals such as Elephants do not only barge into villages but destroy crops and even lives on their way.The final big issue is environment taint and global warming. And this causes some animals especially those who cannot keep on body temperature according to need (such as fish) have blend in extinct and are becoming extinct.This may look as a mear happening of the pollution and global warming. How come an animal in Africa whove become extinct effect someone in the States or Asia?Yet it does effect because as you know Planet earth is a system.SolutionsPotential solutions to these conflicts entangle electric fencing, land use planning, residential district-based natur al resource management (CBNRM), compensation, payment for environmental services, ecotourism, wildlife friendly products, or other field solutions.3 In efforts to reduce human-wildlife conflict, human being Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has partnered with a number of organizations to provide solutions around the globe. Their solutions are tailored to the fellowship and species involved. For example, in Mozambique, communities started to grow more chili capsicum plants after making the discovery that elephants dislike and turn away plants containing capsaicin. This creative and effective method prevents elephants from trampling community farmers fields as well as protects the species.