What Accounting And Finance Is And Why It Has An Important...

INTRODUCTION This report focuses primarily on the understanding of what Accounting and Finance is and why it has, and will continue to be, an important aspect of any business - further exploring its subsequent relevance in guiding those who work in these areas. WHAT IS ACCOUNTING? Accounting, a practice which goes back many millennia, arises from the concept which Britton and Waterston (2005, p. 03) believe came about when managers (known then as stewards) had to â€Å"account for their stewardship of the owners’ money†. Fundamentally, this idea brought forward by Britton and Waterston, is possibly a leading factor when trying to understand what accounting is which is defined by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales†¦show more content†¦While this may be the case, the final aim of preparing all these documents is to assist people by communicating to them information on which they will subsequently make a decision on. WHAT IS FINANCE? Finance, similarly to accounting, assists people with their decision making. The difference being that finance focuses mostly on the way a business entity raises and invests funds. According to an extract from the University of North Carolina Wilmington titled, â€Å"What is Finance?†, â€Å"finance incorporates the study of money and other assets, the management of those assets and being able to profile and manage project risks†. In this way, it is clear to see how accounting and finance are linked because without accounting information, none of the above incorporations would be possible. Finance can be divided into three categories: public, personal and corporate finance. ïÆ'Ëœ Public finance is the study of the role of the government in the economy and how resources are allocated (Atkinson and Stiglitz. 1980) ïÆ'Ëœ Corporate finance is the area of finance which dealt with the way a business sourced funds and used them to increase the overall value of the business. ïÆ'Ëœ Personal finance is simply the finance that an individual deals with taking into considerations risks and future events. TYPES OF ACCOUNTING There are various types of Accounting which serve different purposes but are of equal significance when it comes to the well-being and

Greek Mythology Free Essays

Greek mythology in western art and literature With the rediscovery of classical antiquity in Renaissance, the poetry of Ovid became a major influence on the imagination of poets and artists and remained a fundamental influence on the diffusion and perception of Greek mythology through subsequent centuries. [2] From the early years of Renaissance, artists portrayed subjects from Greek mythology alongside more conventional Christian themes.Among the best-known subjects of Italian artists are Botticelli’s Birth of Venus and Pallas and the Centaur, the Ledas of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, and Raphael’s Galatea. We will write a custom essay sample on Greek Mythology or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2] Through the medium of Latin and the works of Ovid, Greek myth influenced medieval and Renaissance poets such as Petrarch, Boccaccio and Dante in Italy. [1] In northern Europe, Greek mythology never took the same hold of the visual arts, but its effect was very obvious on literature. Both Latin and Greek classical texts were translated, so that stories of mythology became available. In England, Chaucer, the Elizabethans and John Milton were among those influenced by Greek myths; nearly all the major English poets from Shakespeare to Robert Bridges turned for inspiration to Greek mythology.Jean Racine in France and Goethe in Germany revived Greek drama. [2] Racine reworked the ancient myths — including those of Phaidra, Andromache, Oedipus and Iphigeneia — to new purpose. [3] The 18th century saw the philosophical revolution of the Enlightenment spread throughout Europe and accompanied by a certain reaction against Greek myth; there was a tendency to insist on the scientific and philosophical achievements of Greece and Rome.The myths, however, continued to provide an important source of raw material for dramatists, including those who wrote the libretti for Handel’s operas Admeto and Semele, Mozart’s Idomeneo and Gluck’s Iphigenie en Aulide. [3] By the end of the century, Romanticism initiated a surge of enthusiam for all things Greek, including Greek mythology. In Britain, it was a great period for new translations of Greek tragedies and Homer, and these in turn inspired contemporary poets, such as Keats, Byron and Shelley. 4] The Hellenism of Queen’s Victoria poet laureate, Alfred Lord Te nnyson, was such that even his portraits of the quintessentially English court of King Arthrur are suffused with echoes of the Homeric epics.The visual arts kept pace, stimulated by the purchase of the Parthenon marbles in 1816; many of the â€Å"Greek† paintings of Lord Leighton and Lawrence Alma-Tadema were seriously accepted as part of the transmission of the Hellenic ideal. [5] The German composer of the 18th century Christoph Gluck was also influenced by Greek mythology. 1] American authors of the 19th century, such as Thomas Bulfinch and Nathaniel Hawthorne, believed that myths should provide pleasure, and held that the study of the classical myths was essential to the understanding of English and Americal literature. [6] According to Bulfinch, â€Å"the so-called divinities of Olympus have not a single worshipper among living men; they belong now not to the department of theology, but to those of literature and taste†. [7] In more recent times, classical themes have been reinterpreted by such major dramatists as Jean Anouilh, Jean Cocteau, and Jean Giraudoux in France, Eugene O’Neill in America, and T.S. Eliot in England and by great novelists such as the Irish James Joyce and the French Andre Gide. Richard Strauss, Jacques Offenbach and many others have set Greek mythological themes to music. [1]References 1. ^ a b c d â€Å"Greek Mythology†. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2002. 2. ^ a b c â€Å"Greek mythology†. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2002. * L. Burn, Greek Myths, 75 3. ^ a b l. Burn, Greek Myths, 75 4. ^ l. Burn, Greek Myths, 75-76 5. ^ l. Burn, Greek Myths, 76 6. ^ Klatt-Brazouski, Ancient Greek and Roman Mythology, 4 7. ^ T. Bulfinch, Bulfinch’s Greek and Roman Mythology, 1 How to cite Greek Mythology, Papers

Marketing Research on Tesco Plc-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Market Conditions, Key Competitors, Customer Segments and Demand Conditions of Tesco Plc. Answer: Introduction In the modern era, evaluation of business environment has become essential for the growth and success of the organization. Nowadays, intense competition has resulted in creating various obstacles for businesses in terms of achieving higher sales and profits(Aaker McLoughlin, 2009). Furthermore, organizations are required to think big and innovative to a gain competitive advantage over the other companies operating in the industry. The present research report is based on Tesco Plc which is UK based international supermarket retailer. The study highlights market conditions, key competitors, customer segments and demand conditions of Tesco Plc. Apart from this; a detailed description of the brands products, services, and business model is also mentioned in this report. Context and background It can be stated that over the past few years, the supermarket retail industry of UK has grown well and it has also provided companies with potential opportunity to attain a higher volume of sales and profitability (Thompson Martin, 2010). However, it can be critically argued that the industry is dominated by few supermarket retailers and for other businesses it has become very complicated to sustain the market. Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury are considered as the king of UKs retail supermarket industry. The industry has become more like an oligopoly market wherein few sellers are dominating the entire market. Other than this, the government of UK has developed strict rules, regulations, competition policy and it is required by the retailers to follow the same in the best possible manner. In terms of market condition, it can be asserted that at present, the market is highly competitive and at the same time the demand of products and services is increasing. In the last few years, the market player such as Asda and Tesco has started facing very tough competition from retailers such as Aldi and Lidl. The customer segment which has been targeted by companies such as Sainsbury, Tesco, and Asda generally includes people which belong to middle and higher income group. In addition to this, internet savvy and married individuals are also targeted by businesses in retail supermarket industry of UK(Frow, Nenonen, Payne, Storbacka, 2015). The demand of products and services delivered by the industry is increasing day by day and it has provided adequate growth opportunities to all market players. At present, the demand within industry is more than what the experts were expecting. The key competitor of Tesco includes Asda, Sainsbury, Lidl and Aldi. Further, brands such as Asda is making use of multiple communication channels to stay connected with all its customers. Such practices contribute in success of brand as the company is always aware of changing customer need and demand. Innovative marketing campaigns can be termed as the biggest strength of Asda. On the other hand, competitor such as Sainsbury focuses on offering wide range of services and products at low price and this strategy has supported in attracting customers. Experienced leadership team and highly skilled staff members can be termed as the major strength of Sainsbury(Hubbard, Rice, Galvin, 2014). Other competitor of Tesco includes brands such as Aldi and Lidl which are German based discounted retailers. These competitors have adopted discounted pricing strategy to attract customers and accomplish their business objectives. Tesco was founded in the year 1919 by Jack Cohen and during the initial stage, Jack Cohen used to sell the surplus of grocery from a store. In the year 1924, Mr. Cohen purchased tea shipment, and this was the time when Tesco came into limelight. After, five years, the first store of Tesco was opened in Burnt Oak, North London. It can be stated that it was the period of 1960s when the retail supermarket industry of UK witnessed rapid growth and Tesco became the largest supermarket retailer in the entire Europe. After this period, the brand has witnessed constant growth, and in 1974, it diversified its range of products, services and opened its petrol station in the country(Clark Chan, 2014). In 2008, the brand acquired its rivals such as Somerfield store and this was done to ensure the effective presence of Tesco all across the nation. However, it was the year 2013, when the selected business enterprise witnessed the first drop in the volume of sales and profits since its establishme nt. Description of the business It can be stated that in order to deal with intense competition in the retail industry, Tesco Plc. has developed and implemented various strategies. The brand relies heavily on its market activities to attract new customers and retain the old ones. The evaluation of strategy can be carried out by using models such as SWOT, PEST and ratio analysis. Tescos SWOT analysis STRENGTH The biggest strength of Tesco can be termed as its strong presence in market such as Europe, Asia, America and North Africa Effective operations because of products which are sourced locally The club card offered by Tesco is another major strength of the brand WEAKNESS Over the past few years, the brands financial performance is poor Negative media coverage and publicity has affected the brand image of Tesco Strong dependency on European and UK market OPPORTUNITY Tesco has a potential opportunity to form strategic alliance with other brands in the market Entering new and developing markets is another opportunity present in front of Tesco Plc. The brand also has potential opportunity to increase its sales and profits by focusing on private label brands THREATS Increasing cost of raw material has affected the sales and profits of the brand Intense competition is another threat which has created obstacles in growth and success of the brand. Currency fluctuation is another threat present in front of Tesco Plc. Tescos PEST analysis Political factors The performance and business operations of Tesco have been affected by political environment existing in a nation(Jenkins Williamson, 2015). The sales and revenues are directly affected by Taxes such as fat tax which has been implemented by the government of UK. Economical factors The economic factors affect areas such as cost of operations, demand in economy and price of products and service. It can be stated that unemployment has affected the demand of Tescos services and products to a great extent. On the other hand, the economic stability in the past has supported the brand to carry out smooth flow of all its operations, activities and attain desire profits Social factors The business operations of Tesco are also affected by changing demand and need of people in the market. Furthermore, the brand is also required to invest a large amount of resources in conducting market research to identify changing customer demand. Nowadays customers are also becoming conscious about their health and well being and this has affected business practices of the brand(Keller, Parameswaran, Jacob, 2011). Technological factors Technology has supported Tesco Plc. in carrying out the smooth flow of all its business operations and activities. It can be expressed that through technological advancements, the brand is able to deliver better and satisfactory services, products to all its customers. However, it can be critically argued that upgrading technology at regular intervals affect the overall profitability of the brand. Ratio analysis Ratio 2016 2015 Gross margin 5.27 (3.87) Operating Margin 1.99 (10.10) Asset turnover 1.24 1.32 Above shown is the ratio analysis of Tesco where the gross margin of business has increased in the year 2016 as compared with 2015. It is indicating that revenue of Tesco is rising at faster pace and company is financially strong. Operating margin of Tesco has also increased which indicates that companys pricing along with operational strategies are effective(Woods, 2007). Apart from this, asset turnover ratio of business has declined which indicates the efficiency of the organization to utilize its assets has declined in the year 2016 as compared with 2015. Description of the business Tesco offers a wide range of products to its target market with the motive to satisfy need of its target market in an efficient manner. Further, all the products and services rendered are efficient enough to satisfy need and requirement of the target market. The key products involve groceries, consumer goods, financial services, telecom and other type of goods. Commodities are offered with the help of company operated stores which provides base to the business in serving its target market in an efficient manner. Further, it is well-known fact that Tesco operates in the market where level of competition is quite and this has acted as a major challenge for the business(Keller, Parameswaran, Jacob, 2011). In the grocery area key players are Sainsbury, Asda etc where all these firms are offering same type of products in the market. Apart from this, products of Tesco are differentiated where some sort of unique features are present in the products which influences purchase behavior of target market. Grocery products of Tesco involve the entire range of commodities which consumers prefer to purchase. Apart from this, company also renders financial services which takes into consideration loan, mortgage, credit cards and different type of insurance(Peppard Ward, 2016). Tesco operates different type of mobile phone businesses in the market of Ireland, United Kingdom, Hungary etc. The grocery business of Tesco is most profitable and well known in the market. Above shown is the Business model of Tescos online groceries (Warren, 2008). This business model focuses on providing convenience to the customers and attracts them towards the range of products offered. Company offer products with the help of online medium also as nowadays due to busy schedule it is not possible for them to approach physical stores. So, this is also one of the strategies employed by Tesco for attracting customers in the market. The business model of Tesco stands of three significant pillars which involve customers, products, and channels. The main priority is customers where firstly actual need of the target market is identified to deliver a best possible experience. The second important element is the channel where best approach is undertaken for providing products to target market such as mode of an online and physical store (Rosenbaum-Elliott, Percy, Pervan, 2015). Last key element is the product where a team works with suppliers with the motive to deliver the best product to the target market. Apart from this, the entire business model of Tesco is flexible where the company brings best possible changes in its model to serve customers in the better manner. In every type of market technological advancement is taking place at the faster pace and due to this reason, Tesco has adopted online tools for serving customers. It has allowed the company to sustain in the market for the longer period and has acted as an instrument of development also (Van Weele, 2009). In short, it has been identified that Tesco business model is innovative which encourages business to indulge into new activities and brings favorable results for the company. Moreover, it is efficient enough to deal with the market challenges such as competition, legal, political and technological barriers. Summary of the key points To operate efficiently, in the long run, it is necessary for Tesco to modify its business model as per the changing market conditions. Further, one of the most important aspects of business model is the customer who is an integral element (Varley, 2014). The entire model has been developed by target market, and different modes are undertaken for serving them such as online, physical store, etc. Apart from this, with the changing need and requirement of the target market, this model needs to be developed as it can ensure business success in near future also. Conclusion The entire study carried out has supported in understanding about the strategies employed by the business for sustaining in the market. Further, porter five forces, swot, and ratio analysis are representing that business is operating efficiently. Apart from this, the business model has identified the key elements or pillars on which business operates, and it involves customers, channels, and products. References Books and Journals Aaker, D. A., McLoughlin, D. (2009). Strategic market management: global perspectives. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Clark, T., Chan, P. S. (2014, October 4). A history of Tesco: The rise of Britain's biggest supermarket. Retrieved August Saturday, 2017, from The Telegrah: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2788089/A-history-of-Tesco-The-rise-of-Britains-biggest-supermarket.html Frow, P., Nenonen, S., Payne, A., Storbacka, K. (2015). Managing co?creation design: A strategic approach to innovation. British Journal of Management , 463-483. Hubbard, G., Rice, J., Galvin, P. (2014). Strategic management. Australia: Pearson Australia. Jenkins, W., Williamson, D. (2015). Strategic management and business analysis. Thames: Routledge. Keller, K. L., Parameswaran, M. G., Jacob, I. (2011). Strategic brand management: Building, measuring, and managing brand equity. New Delhi: Pearson Education India. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016). The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., Percy, L., Pervan, S. (2015). Strategic brand management. England: Oxford University Press, USA. Thompson, J. L., Martin, F. (2010). Strategic management: Awareness change. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning EMEA. Van Weele, A. J. (2009). Purchasing and supply chain management: Analysis, strategy, planning and practice. Massachusetts: Cengage Learning EMEA. Varley, R. (2014). Retail product management: buying and merchandising. Thames: Routledge. Warren, K. (2008). Strategic management dynamics. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Woods, M. (2007). Linking risk management to strategic controls: a case study of Tesco plc. International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management , 1074-1088.

Marketing For Dummies Essays - Small Business Administration

Marketing For Dummies Executive Summary In July of 1953 the United States Congress amended an act called the Small Business Act. Many believed that the essence of the American economic system of private enterprise is free competition. Also, that only through full and free competition can free markets, free entry into business, and opportunities for expression and growth of personal initiative and individual judgment can be assured. Thus, the Small Business Act was amended. In order to carry out the policies of this Act there was hereby created an agency under the name Small Business Administration. The United States Small Business Administration, more commonly known as the SBA, is a federal agency to protect and assist America's greatest resource, the small business. Since American enterprise is the backbone of our economy and the driving force behind economic growth and prosperity. The mission of the Small Business Administration (SBA) is to maintain and strengthen the Nation's economy by aiding, counseling, assisting, and protecting the interests of small businesses and by helping businesses and families recover from disasters. The SBA's mission is to create economic development through small businesses. To put it in simple terms, the SBA helps businesses get started and helps established businesses grow. The SBA has many functions; here we discuss the six of the functions that small businesses should look at. The first function of the SBA is Business Development, based on management assistance through information, counseling, training and conferences, utilizing the following programs: ? Services Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE) ? Small Business Institutes (SBI) ? Small Business Development Centers (SBDC) ? Business Information Centers (BIC). The next function, Financial Assistance offers a variety of financing options to eligible small business concerns that cannot borrow on reasonable terms from conventional lenders without government help. Financial Assistance is made up of three different loan categories: ? 7(a) General Business Loan, which is most widely used. It provides funds for almost any legitimate business purpose. ? Certified Development Company Loans (504 Program) provide long term, fixed rate financing at reasonable rates for businesses to grow. ? Other Special Loan P rograms include: Micro loans; Lines of Credit; Contract Loans; Physical Disaster Loans; Direst loans to veterans, Vietnam, disabled and handicapped individuals, etc. Another function of the SBA is Investment Capital. This provides small businesses to have money or capital for growth and finance. The Small Business Investment Capital or SBIC provides the capital. Developed in 1958, the SBIC wanted to fill the gap between venture capitol and the needs of small businesses. There are two types of SBIC's, the regular SBIC and the specialized SBIC. The Procurement Assistance function tries to make sure that small businesses get their fair pay, goods and services from the federal government. Procurement Assistance programs include Prime Contracts Assistance, Natural Resources Assistance, Subcontracting Assistance, COC and PASS programs. The SBA also tries to establish goals for contracting with small disadvantaged businesses. The last area of focus is Disaster Loans Assistance, which comes into play for assistance for non-farm, private sector disaster losses. Most small, independent businesses or individuals starting a business are eligible for SBA assistance. Because the agency is committed to economic development through small business, it strives to help business ventures get started, grow and remain profitable. Many of SBA's clients are new entrepreneurs starting a business for the first time, while others are young, established companies struggling to meet the challenges of growth and change in a competitive business environment. The SBA has more than a hundred offices across the nation and a permanent staff of nearly four thousand employees. The SBA has an office in nearly every state, for easier access for future small business owners. On top of it, the SBA increases its ability to help many small businesses through public or private initiatives. Ninety nine percent of all U.S. businesses are considered small, and approximate amount of 20 million small businesses make up 39 percent of the GNP, provide around 50 percent of America's workforce, and generate 53.5 percent of all sales. Most small, independent businesses or individuals starting a business are eligible for Small Business Administration assistance. Since the SBA is committed to economic development through small businesses, it works to help businesses get

How does Compound Cone Crusher Work Essay

How does Compound Cone Crusher Work Essay How does Compound Cone Crusher Work Essay With advanced technical level and excellent performance, compound cone crusher is suitable for secondary or tertiary crushing purpose both in stationary and portable. As suitable for crushing all kinds of ores and rocks with hardness of medium or above, compound cone crusher is widely used in the industries of metallurgy, building material, road construction, chemical engineering and silicate. Compared with other crusher, compound cone crusher is more professional in reliable crushing, high productive, low total cost and easy maintenance.The compound cone crusher is mainly composed by driving device, main shaft, drum, upper cap and the foundation. The electric motor drives the main shaft to rotate with the help of the ladder-shaped triangle belt, and the main shaft is equipped with hammer. The materials go inside the machine from the upper material feeding mouth and fall down under gravity, and then the materials will be crushed under a series of impact of the hammer at high rotary r ate, and finally be discharged from the lower material discharging mouth.The compound cone crusher can be used for fine crushing limestone, clinker, coal and other kinds of ores and rocks in building material, mining, metallurgy and chemistry, and at the same time it can also be applied in fine crushing medium hard materials such as dolomite, flint clay, lead-zinc deposit, high slag, coal gangue, rock phosphate, especially suitable for hard limestone, dolomite, granite and basalt of artificial sand making and highway surface stone material processing and crushing.The Working Principle of Compound Cone

Do Colleges Average Your SAT Scores

Do Colleges Average Your SAT Scores SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you taken the SAT more than once?Are you wondering howcolleges will look at multiple test scores? Will they reviewall your scores? Onlyyour highest score? Will they average your scores and use that number?Standardized test scores are an important part of applying to college, but it’s not always clear how schoolswill review your SAT scores if you send them more than one set of scores. Will colleges average your SATscores if you take the test multiple times? In short, no. Colleges don’t take the average of your scores. Instead, they will look at your â€Å"best† score,however; there are multiple ways a school can calculate that.In this article, I’ll go over the variousmethods schools use to look at multiple SATscores, if they require you to send all your SATscores, and how you can use this information to your advantage and help strengthen your college applications. Do You Need to Send Schools All Your SAT Scores? The first thing you need to know, before you start wondering what colleges do with multiple SATscores, is tolearnif the schools you're interested in actually require you to send the results of every SATyou took. If they don't, you may want to take the SAT a few times, and then only send your best score. Infact, most schools do NOTrequire you to send in all your scores, and the College Boardmakes it easy to choose which scores you want to send with an option referred to asScore Choice. Schools that require you to send in all of your SATscores will be referred to as "All Scores" schools. I'll discuss bothin more detail below. Score Choice Score Choice gives you the option to send schools only the SATscores you want them to see,rather than sending scores from every SATyou took. On the score report request form, you will be asked to list your college of choice and the test date you want to send on each line. For schools that allow Score Choice, if you did poorly on one test date, you don’t need to send that score to schools, and they will never see it. This means that if you take the SATfourtimes, you can choose to send only your best score, or your best two scores, or as many scores as you'd like. Be aware that ifyou are using Score Choice and choose to send your scores from a specific test date, you must send your scores for the entire test; you cannot only send individual section scores to schools. All Scores Some schools, including certain highly selective schools like Yale and Duke, requireyou to send all your SATscores.This means that you cannot use Score Choice, and youmust send these schoolsthe scoresofevery SATyou took, even if there was a particular test date when you didn’t score as well as you usually do. So, if you took the SAT fourtimes, you need to send these schoolsyour results from each of those fourtest dates. Check out our complete list of schools that require you to send all your SAT scores. What Do Colleges Do If You Send Multiple SATScores? You may end up sending a school more than one SATscore, either because theyrequire it or because you earnedmultiple strong scores and want schools to see them. So what do colleges do if they receive more than one SATscore from you? There are several options, and I'llexplain each below. Superscoring If a school uses superscoring, that means they take your highest score from each SAT test section and combine those scores into a Superscore. Look at the table below to see an example of how superscoring works. Critical Reading Mathematics Writing Total Score Test 1 710 800 750 2260 Test 2 800 780 700 2280 Test 3 750 750 800 2300 Superscore 800 800 800 2400 This student took the SAT three times, and even though shenever had a perfect test, at one point shegot perfect scores on each of the test sections. Superscoring combines the highest scores from each section, in this case, an 800 for all three, to get a superscore of 2400. This is the SAT score superscoringschools will use when reviewing herapplication. This superscore is higherthan any of the composite SATscores for individual test dates Superscoring benefits you because you get to combine your best scores from each section of the SAT even if those scores didn’t occur in the same test.Wondering which colleges use superscoring? We have a complete list of schools that superscore the SAT. Highest Sitting Some schools don’t use superscoring, but instead use your highest composite SAT score from a single test date. In these cases, you cannot combine section scores from different test dates to get a higher score. Using the above example, schools that use highest sitting would consider her SAT score to be 2300, because that is the highest score she achieved on a single SAT exam. Will Schools Look at Your Other Scores? Regardless of whether a school uses superscoring or highest sitting, will they look at your "non-best" SATscores as well? There's no clear-cut answer to this question since it varies for each school and often for each applicant; however,many times schools will look at your other test scores, even if your best score is the one they give the most weight to. This is particularly true for schools that require all scores sent. In these cases, your scores still won't be averaged, but schools mayreview all your scores and make inferences if there were any outliers. For example, if you take the SATthree times and get composite scores of 2250, 1900, and 2300, most schools will use 2300as your "official" SATscore, but they may wonder why you got a 1900for one test. One outlier score will usually have a small, if any, impact on your application, but it's still important to never blow off an SATjust because you think schools will only look at your best score. As mentioned above, schools that allow Score Choice only see the scores you send them, so you can take the SATseveral times and only send your highest scorein order for that to be the only resultsthey see. The next sections give more recommendations on howyou can use school score policies toplan and improve your SATpreparation methods. Can You Take the SATas Many Times as You Want? Now that you know that schools will useyour best SATscore, either by using superscoring or highest sitting, does that mean you can take the test asmany times as you want in order to maximize your chances of getting a high score? Technically, yes. You can sign up for the SAT as many times as you want, and schools will continue touse your best score from those tests, whether by using superscoring or highest sitting. However, it is possible to take the SAT too many times. In general, we recommend not taking the SAT more than 5 or 6 times. Taking the SATmore than 6 times maycause schools to think you don’t take the test seriously or can't figure out how to improve your score. It can also becomevery stressful and time-consuming,not to mention extremely expensive because you have to keep paying to take the SATand to send your scores to schools. Taking the SATas many times as you can is a particularly bad idea if one of yourschools requires All Scores sentbecause itincreases the chance of you having an off-day and getting a lower than usual score, which those schools will see and can possibly hurt your chances of being admitted. Instead of taking the SATas many times as you can, you should instead look at your test prep methods and how effective they are. Is your studying targeting and improving your weak areas? Are you learning what mistakes you make and how to avoid them? By putting time and effort into studying effectively, you will be able to reach your target SATscore more easily than simply taking the SATover and over.In general, we recommend taking the SAT 2-3 times to get your best score, regardless of whether the schools you’re applying to use superscoring or highest sitting to determine your best score. Taking the SAT many times can be exhausting. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! How Can You Use Score Policies to Improve Your SATPrep? If you know which schools you want to apply to, you can learnwhichscore policies they use and use that information to help guide your test-taking strategy. If the schools you’re applying to use superscoring, then you can maximize your superscore by studying for and gaining a strong score in one SATsection at a time.For a more in-depth explanation of this strategy, check out our guide on how superscoring can affect your test strategy.If a school uses highest sitting, then you should continue to study each section of the SATin order to maximize your composite score. For schools that require All Scores sent, you will want to make sure you are well-prepared each time you take the SAT. Those schools will see all of your exam scores, so you don’t want one bad test day to hurt your college applications. You will also want to keep studying for each section of the SAT, even if you are only trying to improve your score in one specific section. You don't want scores from your other sections to drop on a retake. As mentioned above, evenif the schools you’re applying to allow superscoring orScore Choice, you should always take the SATseriously.A very low score canbe a red flag to schools, and it’s a waste of your time and money. Conclusion Most students take the SATmultiple times, and schools have different policies for reviewing multiple test scores. Most schools don't require you to send scores from all the SATsyou took. Score Choice is a way for you to choose which SATresults you want schools to see. If you send multiple SATscores, schoolswon’t average them, but instead will useone of two methods to determine your "best score." Some schools combine your highest section scores from multiple tests into a Superscore. This is known as Superscoring. Other schools look at your highest score from a single test date. Knowing which scoring policy schools use can help you structure your test prep and test-taking strategies to maximize your SATscores for college applications. What's Next? First, what’s a good SATscore? Read our article on good, bad, and excellent SATscores so you can identify and prepare for your target score. Using practice SAT tests to study?Check out our guide on how to get the most realistic SAT practice testing experience to help raise your scores. Want to learn ways to boost your SAT score? Learn the 15SAT tricks you should be using. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Christine Sarikas About the Author Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 18

Summary - Essay Example consider different stakeholders involved in tourism industry; government and tourism industry have a strong influence of content of education in tourism. Tourism higher education is strongly connected to tourism industry, which consists of small private business units. Currently, most of them employ unskilled or low-skilled workers because of the lack of educated staff initialling the need in tourism higher education. At the same time, reviewing different studies, Ayikoru, Tribe & Airey (2009) that as a young field of research and educational program, tourism higher education faces several issues. In many cases a degree in tourism is not required by most employers because they do not think it is necessary. Finally, employers do not rush to hire graduates who have those degrees. All these issues in tourism higher education undergo changes under ideological influences which come from their environment. Previously researchers focused on the development of tourism higher education by their trials to integrate different approaches to content of education and curriculum design. They applied marketing approach to tourism curricula and designed appropriate four year program. They advocated that it was necessary to engage tourism professionals to education in order to tie those curricula to life. Overall, all precious studies in tourism education manifested this sphere as a branch of business. At the same time, ideology in context of tourism higher education was not studies in detail. Ayikoru, Tribe & Airey (2009) fill this gap by their extensive research explaining what influences the aims and their representation in this sphere of education. Government, which is the main representative of ideology in any country, has a direct influence on education. Government creates norms which are applied to different institution including tourism education. These norms render particular values which redefine important elements of education. These ideological implications influence

New Venture Proposition - Individual work Essay

New Venture Proposition - Individual work - Essay Example The selected name of the restaurant will be â€Å"Rene sense Dinner theatre†. The new theatre restaurant named â€Å"Rene sense Dinner theatre† is offering the area of entertainment and fine dining concept with different, tasty and innovative food recipes. While considering the food in the restaurant, the menu includes cuisine of America, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, and the Middle East. The wide range of cuisines is also a new and different idea in the market. Moreover, when it comes to services presenting good food in a friendly environment will be a positive and strong point for the restaurant. The representation of different cultures and music within a colourful environment, which adds an entertainment factor with dinner, will amaze the customers. Customers will be allowed to choose any theme for their table and then the service for that table will be according to that theme. It will delight the customers and the experience of extreme fun and uniqueness will attract and grab the concentration of the customers towards one restaurant that is providing all entertainment activities and food at one place (Rainsford, 2000). The restaurant industry is a diverse business the reason is that there are various cuisines and cultures that restaurants offer and follow according to the needs and demands of the customers. There are various restaurants that are offering delicious and different food items. Mostly focus on the services and food quality. People around the globe like fast food items a lot, and it is a part of their daily food intake. It is the reason due to which there is majority of fast restaurants in the industry. However, for special occasions and different taste people prefer to experience uniqueness in food items within a good environment. Although there is majority of restaurants, there is no such

How Apple Positioning in Market Essay Example for Free

How Apple Positioning in Market Essay Policy making now, more aptly, simply describes the development of organizational policies. Some policies appertain at the highest levels and are essential elements of the organizations strategy. But, the vast majority of policies apply at lower levels and are operational in nature. Policymaking is the act of creating laws or setting standards for a government or business. Policy also provides the framework and sets the parameters for planning. The purpose of public planning is to outline how policies will be implemented in practice. Very simply, policies are standing plans that provide guidelines for decision making. They are guides to thinking that establish the boundaries or limits within which decisions are to be made. Within these boundaries, judgment must be exercised. The degree of discretion permitted will vary from policy to policy Policy making is concerned with the formulation of general statements or understandings that guide or channel managerial decisions. Policies, whether written or implied, are essential components of a companys planning framework because they simplify the making of recurring decisions and facilitate the delegation of these decisions. Successive delegations tend to result in a hierarchy of policies within traditional organizations. In organizations where empowerment is practiced, the principal function of policies is to provide essential limits to otherwise broad employee discretion. â€Å"Planning is deciding in advance what to do, when to do how to do. It bridges the gap from where we are where we want to be†. A plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving decision making. Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways means for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. It is not overly far-fetched to suggest that without policies, because of excessive analysis and the concentration of decisions at the top, corporate decision making in the hierarchical firm could be slowed to the point of bringing operations to a virtual standstill. Conversely, in the empowered organization, there would be the potential for complete lack of control and chaos. Yet, in todays fast-moving business world there is also the great danger of policies becoming rapidly outmoded. For this reason, audits and ongoing reviews are a must if a companys policies are to remain effective decision guides. Read more: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Per-Pro/Policies-and-Policy-Making.html#ixzz2RqlWjxBP Planning is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to KOONTZ, Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc.

First Paragraphs in Short Stories :: essays research papers

FIRST PARAGRAPHS First paragraphs are fundamental to the story and need to â€Å"hook† the reader in. If the first paragraph doesn’t grab you, then why would you read further? The first paragraph is where you are introduced to the tone of the story and sets the stage by introducing the main character(s) and giving information to entice us to continue reading. Three stories that have strong first paragraphs that draw us in and help us understand the character and story are: â€Å"A Sick Call† by Morley Callaghan, â€Å"A Bird In The House† by Margaret Laurence, and â€Å"One Evening† by David Helwig. In the first paragraph of â€Å"A Sick Call† we are introduced to Father Macdowell, a â€Å"huge, old priest† who â€Å"was a bit deaf in one ear†. We are also told that â€Å"nothing seemed to shock or excite him, or make him really angry†. Thus, it appears that something later on in the story may test Father Macdowell’s fortitude and we are drawn to read on. When we do, we discover why his size and deafness are important. In â€Å"A Bird In The House†, the first paragraph introduces us to Vanessa, the main character, and tells us that she has skipped an important parade. The time of year is also pinpointed by mentioning the Remembrance Day parade and the â€Å"snowy wind†. This makes us want to read on to discover why Vanessa missed the parade and what made it, and the time of year, so important to her family. Miss Machry, in â€Å"One Evening†, is described to us right away in the first paragraph. We get the sense of her character in the way she â€Å"waved the old Japanese fan†, because the fan was delicate and it could only be preserved by â€Å"the gentlest of handling†. The fan is the link to her mother and father and how she had come to this moment. Miss Machry is looking out the window and waiting on someone â€Å"there was no sign of him yet.

Human Resources Presentation Outline Essay

Complete a slide-by-slide outline of your Human Resources Presentation using Microsoft ® PowerPoint ®. Consider the layout and the speaker’s notes for each slide in addition to the wording on the slide. Include the following in your outline: On each slide: List the main topics. List two or three subtopics. In the speaker’s note section: Describe the layout or appearance of the slide. Include a brief description of the text the speaker notes will contain. Human Resources Presentation â€Å"Team Presentation† As senior members of the human resources team, you have been asked to give a presentation on the state of the union to the board of directors. The presentation must include past, present, and future legal issues. Create a 12- to 15-slide Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation with detailed speaker notes summarizing your findings to the board. Use complete sentences, with correct grammar and punctuation, to fully explain each slide as if you were giving an in-person presentation. In your presentation, include at least two main points for each of the following bullets: †¢State and federal statutory and regulatory enactments related to patients’ rights and responsibilities †¢Current principles of patient consent and the resulting implications for the health care industry †¢The current state and future trends of physicians’ rights and responsibilities in the delivery of health care †¢Current components and implications of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (LINDA’ part) †¢Brief summary of current and future trends for statutory, regulatory, and common law requirements of confidentiality in the health care industry  (LINDA’s part) †¢Current and future legal and ethical obligations relating to the documentation, retention, storage, and use of medical records Format your presentation consistent with APA guidelines and References. Each one of us is doing a total of 4 slides 2 for each bullet, so I only need a total of 4 slides.

Brave New World: Correlation between the Dangers of a World State Society

Written in 1931 by English author Aldous Huxley, Brave New World is a novel still highly revered in today’s literary world. The novel sets itself in London, England, in the year 632 AF (After Ford). The world is a strikingly different place in Huxley’s futuristic World State than it is today – society’s technological advancements have come nowhere near the incredible developments in fertilization and population and control that the World State has. Yet despite this, the novel is still heavily referred to, both in instances within the literary world and outside.Thought written decades ago, Brave New World does not appear outdated in any way. The revelations and realizations of the characters within the novel could very well be the realizations of any 21st century man or woman. The novel Brave New World is still relevant in today’s modern world because its themes of government control, happiness conflicting with reality, and consumerism, are all prese nt in today’s society. Government control is a very large part of the society that Aldous Huxley has created in his novel. In the World State, not many people have the ability to achieve unbiased or preconditioned thought.The book starts at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, where the Director of the Hatchery is giving a number of students a tour around. He is explaining their methods of population control and fertilization, known as the Bokanovskification Process (pg. 6, Huxley). The process in which a Bokanovskified egg will divide into 96 buds that grow into full embryos is the first step in the process of conditioning. The Bokanovskified eggs are conditioned with hormones and chemicals as needed to get them into the state that the Director wants them in.Huxley hints at the objective of this conditioning when a young worker at the Hatchery, Mr. Foster, says, â€Å" â€Å"We decant our babies as socialized human beings, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future s ewage workers or future†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He was going to say ‘future World Controllers,’ but correcting himself, said ‘future Directors of Hatcheries’ instead† (pg. 13, Huxley). This shows that government figures in the book are responsible for the achievements and successes of all the humans they hatch, because they are the ones who essentially craft their personalities and character traits.When they are conditioning the eggs by rejecting defects and enhancing positive features such as physical perfection, they inherently choose the path in life that the embryo will follow. This is much like the new ability that expecting parents have today to choose certain genetic aspects of their future child’s body. Parents have the ability to choose hair colour, eye colour, skin colour, and with our expanding technology, more child customization seems possible.Another method of government control is sleep conditioning, more formally known as hypnopaedic con ditioning. The sleeping newborns and fertilized embryos all go through a process in which workers at the Hatchery put bits of information through a loudspeaker on repeat while they sleep. This brainwashing of the fertilized eggs is similar to the programming and propaganda that many oppressive governments have tried to use on their people to prevent free thought, such as Hitler’s intense use of propaganda speeches and posters to fuel Anti-Semitic thought.Lastly, the advancements in World State technology have allowed for the drug soma to be created. Its self-induced feelings of happiness and contentment to distract from society’s flaws are in a way very similar to North America’s prescription drug addiction. Anti-depressant pills to distract from life’s hardships are used both within the novel and society today. The controlling government in Brave New World can be seen as a metaphor for modern society and the dangers that technology and too much governmen t create.Happiness and a grasp on reality are two ideals that do not coincide within the novel. John, the son of the Director and his wife Linda, is the Savage within the novel. He is an outcast amongst the members of his father’s society. John was an intelligent boy who was taught to read by his mother at an early age, demonstrated by a passage in the novel that says, â€Å"Soon he could read all the words quite well. Even the longest. But what did they mean? He asked Linda; but even when she could answer it didn’t seem to make it very clear† (pg. 130, Huxley).This is a reflection on the fact that his society is constantly trying to prevent him from learning – when John is taken back to the civilized world, he realizes that in order to be accepted into the World State and finally achieve happiness, he must give up learning and reading about the true nature of the world. He cannot make this sacrifice, which leads to his eventual suicide. This is similar t o free thinkers in the past and present that have gone against the norms of society, who have either stopped rebelling against society and decided to conform, or continue their research for truth at their own expense.Many early scientists were forced to conform to outdated forms of research due to religious or cultural beliefs within their society. Another example of how happiness and reality are incompatible is the use of the drug soma within society. The character of Lenina, a vaccination nurse at the Hatchery, is a heavy soma user. Every occasion that she finds strange or unusual is another opportunity for her friends and colleagues to encourage her use of soma, which makes her feel relaxed and without worry. An example of this is after she felt quite rejected by John after their date:Drying her eyes, Lenina walked across the roof to the lift. On her way down to the twenty seventh floor, she pulled out her soma bottle. One gram would not be enough, but two would make her late for work the next morning†¦She compromised and, into her cupped left palm, she took out three half-gram tablets. (pg. 171, Huxley) Her dependence on mind and mood altering drugs is similar to anti-depressants and their role in modern civilization. When somebody has a different mental process than the norm, they are encouraged to take medication even if their mental state is not harming anyone, thus repressing these thoughts from occurring.Lastly, Brave New World shows another representation of choosing between happiness and reality with society’s promiscuous nature. People are highly discouraged to develop feelings for a single human, and encouraged to take on multiple sexual partners. When Lenina starts to develop feelings for a man, her colleagues are quick to dissuade her from pursuing those feelings any further, all to conform to the harsh reality of the World State’s lack of personal relationships. This is an example of characters being forced to choose truth in stead of happiness.Drug dependence, persecution of creative minds, and oppression of the family are all ways that Brave New World demonstrates that happiness and truth cannot coincide. The theme of consumerism is very important to the understanding of how society works in the World State. Consumerism is a major aspect of their society because it is the driving force that allows the government to control the people of the World State without resorting to tyrannical or violent rule. During hypnopaedic conditioning sessions, the embryos will be taught that â€Å"Ending is better than mending† (pg. 23, Huxley).This is meant to show their society’s encouragement when it comes to buying new things. The quote is in reference to purchasing new clothes, and how it is favored to attempting to fix old clothes. They are taught at a young age that this is the best option, which reflects on the world’s current driven consumer society. All over the globe today, it can be seen that what truly makes a country successful is not its politics, but rather its economy. Commercials, politicians, and public messages of any kind are constantly trying to insert their message into society’s mind – purchasing new items will help society and the economy.Buying things will somehow add to personal happiness. Even fixing broken or lower class products by oneself is discouraged as there exist paid services that allow others to do the fixing instead. A second important point worth nothing in Brave New World is the attitude towards things as simple as children’s toys. When a product breaks (for example, a child’s toy), instead of the same toy being bought once more, increasingly complicated toys are created instead. This is similar to today’s consumerist society where advertisers and consumers are always searching for something â€Å"better†.Though the search for better products may improve technology, it also puts emphasis on unnec essary materialistic items. The last and most important aspect of consumerism is its religious like status. The founder of the World State, a man called Ford, is named in reference to Henry Ford, the famous automobile maker. When talking to one another, members of the World State often make a capital-T with their hands. This is a reference to Ford’s famous T-model car, as well as the Christian symbol of the cross.These gestures heavily imply that Ford, a famous capitalist, is seen as a Christ-like figure, and consumerism has replaces religious belief. The manipulation of World State Citizens into thinking that they must spend money at a constant rate, idea that something â€Å"better† must all exist, and the religious-type undertones of society all show how consumerism is a major aspect of the novel. Brave New World is a novel that directly reflects modern society through its depictions of government, truth’s incompatibility with happiness, and consumerism. Unli ke many dystopian novels that depict futuristic governments s oppressive and dictatorial beings, Brave New World is a story that does not portray the people in command as a repressive, brutish force. Just as in our society today, the community within the World State are each given choices – there are no sections of the government that require people to take soma, yet they do. There are no sections of the government that require people to partake in sexual activities, yet they do. Aldous Huxley’s depiction of the World State is relevant to ours because it is a direct reflection upon what humans today have done to society.People are given an endless amount of choices as to whether or not they want to conform, but as presented through the characters in the novel and people in the 21st century, the society that people live in will inevitably modify those choices. Brave New World is a story that masterfully shows the correlation between the dangers of a World State society and the dangers of the modern world. Works Cited Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. 1931

Comparison of the American and Canadian legislative process essays

Comparison of the American and Canadian legislative process essays Legislation is an important process of any democratic nation. This essay will demonstrate the legislative differences between two democratic nations Canada and the United States. Although many people consider Canada and the United States to be very similar nations, they have very different legislative process, each with its own pros and cons. In order to illustrate these differences we will be following a money bill through both the Canadian and American systems of government. When a bill is passed through the entire legislative system, all three constituents of the government are involved: The House of Commons, the Senate, and The Governor General. If a bill has passed through all of these bodies it then becomes law. A bill starts in the House of Commons where a Minister or Member of Parliament first introduces it. Once it is in the House of Commons it begins the first phase of legislation. The First reading acts as an introduction to the bill. During this stage the title of the bill is announced, followed by a brief description of the contents in the bill. At this stage the bill is tabled, printed and made public. All bills are automatically passed through this stage without debate, or questioning. The second reading is the most important stage in the legislative process. During the second reading the bill is debated by the Members of Parliament. All debates are limited to the principle of the bill. This means that Members can only debate whether or not they agree on the bills overall intent. At this time, the Opposition argues their positions. The Opposition members' comments usually reflect the consensus of their party caucus. Opposition parties often suggest an alternative to the bill rather than speak in favour of it. Whether the opposition supports the bill or not, its members will want to speak in order to put their position on the public record. At the end of the second reading debate, the S...

Breezy case

This case analysis explores the possibility of Breezy, a leading supplier of carburators and air filters in North America, the possibility of developing offshore busines in countries where car manufacturing is growing. The report is structured as follows: First, there are five important questions that Breezy must consider and ask itself before developing a relationship with a new customer. After Breezy decides to go offshore, it will have to go through the negotiating process, which involves five steps. Breezy then, must have capabilities of how an offshore business is organized, consider the many different costs and risks involved in the implementation and decide how it will finance the project. The report also talks about how Breezy will have to modify its corporate strategy. Finally, the report concludes with the best reccomendation for Breezy to maintain its competitive advantage. 1. In exploring the possibility of developing a relationship with offshore car manufacturers, what questions should Breezy be asking? a) Who are the suppliers of carburators and air filters that Breezy will be competing against? This is an important question when conducting an external analysis of the players in the Industry because Breezy will be able to design a strategy that will make their products different from competitors. b) What are the car manufacturers human, financial, physical and organizational resources and capabilities? Breezy should be asking and investigating the firms that it plans on partnering abroad because they would not want to d business with car manufacturers that are not financially stable or have a bad organizational culture. c) How is the business done in the country (Brazil or India)? Breezy must consider the different business styles deriving from different countries in order to succeed in the global market. d) Does the car manufacturer have a good credit? Breezy must make sure its customers can pay for the products in order to avoid having to write off uncollectible accounts. e) Will Breezy be able to gain competitive advantage over local suppliers? Breezy could choose between cost leadership strategy or product differentiation strategy. 2. How should it approach the issue of negotiating with them? The negotiation process involves 5 steps: 1. Define objectives for the partnership: Breezy should have benchmarks in which to compare their objectives with the manufacturers objectives. These will define whether they can meet common grounds when doing business together. Examples of benchmarks include nature of agreement, duration of alliance, expectations, key aspects to protect, etc 2. Assemble a negotiating team: Breezy will have a team that represents all areas of the company affected by this relationship. In addition, the team will be composed of a chief negotiator, an experienced interpreter, and senior management personnel and personnel with knowledge of technical, operational, and legal details. The roles of the team will be to choose a negotiating technique and conduct due dilligence on the parties involved, understand the business and social customs of the country. 3. Establish trust: Breezys negotiating team should first build rapport with the manufacturers before presenting their proposals. 4. Establish the business framework: After rapport has been established, the team should be able to draw an agreement where all parties reach consensus, then outline the alliance in general terms, define objectives, consider how internal politics will affect the deal and define respective contributions of both sides. This should be done in a Letter of Intent. 5. Establish a legal framework: This will allow establishment of structure, definition of rights and obligations and scope of cooperation. (FITT, 6th ed). In the end, set the negotiations with a Memorandum of Understanding. 3. How should any offshore operation be organized? What are the key location considerations? Every offshore operation should have the right people. For example, a senior manager should be in charge of managing all operations with personnel with knowledge of global operations reporting to him. Therefore, there must be clearly designed roles for each person involved. Any offshore operation will be defined by the financial commitment that each party will contribute and the risks and rewards that comes from it. An foreign subsiadiary could be set up in the country they plan to enter in order to have face to face contact with potential and new customers. Regarding the global supply chain, companies will have to create a distribution strategy and implement it. Also, companies should select an intermediary involved to facilitate the shipping of cargo, aid with documentation and customs brokerage. Regarding location, companies going offshore must use the Porters Five Forces model. A location where the threat of buyers, threat of new entrants, threat of rivalry, threat of substitutes and threat of suppliers are all low would be an ideal place to do business and exploit opportunities. The choice of country will be based on the efficiencies or competitive advantages it can gain from being located in that country. These include proximity to market, cheaper labour costs, production efficiencies, etc (FITT, 6th ed). In addition, if the country has trade or economic sanctions, is politically instable, has high tax rates, inadequate transportation systems and undeveloped banking systems, firms should consider going into other markets. 4. What costs are likely to be incurred in this venture? Transportation costs including cargo insurance and freight Labour costs Maintenance charges Taxes and International carges Loading and unloading fees Freigh forwarders, customs brokers fees Export fees Documentation fees such as obtaining licenses and permits Marketing and advertising costs 5. How could this initiative be financed? There are many different ways to finance the offshore venture and implement the plan. Breezy can get a loan from financial institutions, sell shares if it is a private corporation or sell shares on the exchange market if it is a public company. Another source of fund is acquiring a loan from venture capitalists or government agencies such as Business Development Corporation (BDC). 6. What business should Breezy be in? How should it revise its corporate vision? Considering that the North American industry is already saturated with limited scope foor expanding sales and profits have been significantly declining for Breezy, it is certain that the companys industry is in its mature phase of development. It is time for Breezy to take advantage of its competitive advantage by exploring new markets. Breezy should be in the business of producing carburators and air filters for the future popular car in India, in addition to the North American market, however due to the changing trends in the auto industry, where fuel efficiency is going under way, Breezy will have to adapt to the new trends in order to maintain its competitive advantage. Breezy should also keep an eye on countries where car manufacturing is growing. So far, the companys best strategy if it was to go into India or Brazil is to refine its current products , emphasize on increasing the quality of service with new customers, and focus on reducing manufacturing costs and increased quality through process innovations. The original corporate vision of becoming North America’s leading supplier of carburetors and air filters should be revised to becoming the leading supplier of fuel efficient carburators and air filters by expanding Breezys market share to potential markets. 7. What risks does the offshore venture face that the domestic company does not? Theft/ Damage of shipments in transit: If Breezy was to ship their products by sea, there is a risk of pirates or improper handling of containers, improper storage or conditions of the cargo. Missing documentation for customs clearance in the sea ports. Degree of expertise in international business documentation, transportation, payment, etc. Breezy has to find suitable intermediaries such as a freight forwarders to assist with the offshore venture. Culture differences: Breezy needs to adapt to the culture in which it is doing business in. Differences include language, geographic distance, cultural issues. Inadequate infraestructure such as roads, warehouses. If Breezy is going to do business in a thirld world country, it must consider whether it is possible to transport and store their products and maintain its condition and know if they have to spend extra for proper transportation and storage. Environmental considerations: Breezy needs to consider whether it has to alter the design and packaging to withstand the effects of climate. Cost escalation, higher costs: Breezy will have to be able to afford the higher costs that comes with doing business offshore and still be able to outscale competitors. Risk of having contractual disputes with new customers. Conclusion Overall, Breezy was faced with two alternatives. One was to stay in the North American market and extend its product offering and continue working with existing customers even though there was not much potential to exploit opportunities for increasing profitability. The other option is to expand its market share by going into new markets and developing new customer relationships. I believe the latter alternative is the best course of action for Breezy as it will be able to acquire new customers while taking advantage of its reputation and competitive advantage. Breezy will benefit from increased sales and will be able to stay in business.

The supply of goods act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The supply of goods act - Essay Example The Sale and Supply of Goods Act and The Supply of Goods and Services Act both play prominent role is the initial part of this presentation. The Supply of Goods Act was used to shape the premise and establish the fact that a transaction had in fact transpired and on the basis of the set of circumstances which accompanied this transaction, the new for the incorporation of the Supply of Goods and services Act of 1982 became necessary in pointing out a possible resolution... The Supplier of a service acting in the course of business in England, Wales and Northern Ireland to carry out a service with reasonable care and skill and, unless agreed to the contrary, within a reasonable time and make no more than a reasonable charge. Albeit in the case of our presentation example, the item was newly purchased, so it is safe to assume that it was still under warranty, therefore no charges were incurred, on behalf of the purchaser. All other terms previously mentioned apply, unless they have been excluded and there are no strict limits on the circumstances in which an exclusion or variation will be effective. If the supplier can not carry out the work with reasonable care and skill the law treats this matter as a breach of contract and the consumer can seek redress. It is on the points of reasonable care and skill, which the consumer bases the principle cause in this instance for seeking redress. ... It emphatically states that a tradesman or professional has a 'duty of care' towards all property. As we will find in the presentation, the common phrase 'duty of care', hinges on the crux of the issue of which we are confronted. This principle has far reaching scope and breadth, because it requires one to address matters which might happen or should be foreseen to happen if the proper or industry standard procedures are not adhered too by the professional technician. The 'duty of care' also evolves around the skill and care which a responsible person must consider while performing a task which is considered to be important, and to which their dependability and skill has been entrusted. In the absence of this duty of care, there is a definite case of negligence. This presentation also focuses its attention on Employment Law, as it relates to what appears to be a summary dismissal. It points out that even though an employer might feel there is justifiable cause to dismiss an employee, one must never forget that there is a statutory process on how this must be carried out. Whenever the proscribed steps are ignored, the employer leaves his company vulnerable to an assessment, and possibly, even sanctions. Additionally, not only is the process a legal necessity, the language used by the employer in addressing the issue to the employee is also critical to the validity and fairness of the process. In this particular instance with Jim and Asif, the harassment act, surfaces to compound the problem for the company. 3

No war in the modern world can possibly be just. Discuss Essay

No war in the modern world can possibly be just. Discuss - Essay Example But humanists differ with such suppositions, stating that it is our moral obligation to use our reasoning mental faculties and intelligence to deliberate on war and overpower such natural instincts. Thus in the event of emergence of war, we ought to explore non-violent interventions (Norman, 2007, pp.1-5). Peaceful solutions are not often simple to arrive at or put into force, as the past record of the United Nations suggests. However, human beings should be committed in supporting the UN’s peaceful efforts towards resolving conflicts among states. A significant number of humanists, such as Betrand Russell, have come out to vehemently oppose the use and manufacture of weapons of mass destruction. Today’s religion is absurd since it is supportive of violent means of resolving differences and injustices (Norman, 2007, pp.1-5). Religion should never be a justification for participating in war. Non-religious individuals are quick to highlight the many wars that have been waged for centuries owing to religious differences. These are ridiculous reasons for taking away other people’s lives. They also condemn the role that world’s major religions play regularly in promoting war. Liberal democracies have a good overall reputation when it comes to violence. In fact, most liberal democracies will be remembered in the annals of history as having an excellent record for not igniting or promoting wars (Norman, 2007, pp.1-5). Today’s religions have deviated from seeking faith and purity, and instead become entangled in activities geared towards promoting war. In the past, Christians expressed reservations towards participating in military activities. Quite a negligible fraction of Christians today root for the commandment ‘Thou shalt not kill’. Equally, they cite Jesus’s advice to turn the other cheek and not and not resist evil, as a guideline for pacification. But when Christianity

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice - Essay Example The term 'punishment' within the realm of psychology has been defined and described by B.F. Skinner, a popular psychologist, as a type of reinforcement - the consequences of which makes a behavior less likely. It includes both positive as well as negative reinforcement. It is also defined as "affecting behavior by using unpleasant consequences" (Weseley and McEntarffer, 2010: 137). Psychologists over the years have identified three fundamental types of learning among individuals. These include classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. Among these, the operant conditioning method of learning or reinforcing desirable behavior has been widely applied by the criminal justice systems across the world. Operant conditioning is different as compared to negative reinforcements since unlike the latter, operant conditioning targets the undesirable behavior (such as lying, stealing etc) and eliminates it by punishment (Levinson, 2002). Figure 1: The Operant condit ioning process Source: Vito and Maahs, 2011: 116 Within the field of criminal psychology, the consistency of punishment is given much more significance as compared to the severity of punishment, as it is regarded as highly effective in deterring criminal behavior among individuals (Vito and Maahs, 2011). Relationship to corrections: Punishments are known to be highly effective in drawing favorable responses from the criminals. Historically various forms of punishments such as fines, spankings, imprisonment, and other corporal punishments have been commonly implemented by criminal justice systems as a means to control behavior. According to psychologists punishments have the ability of significantly lowering the possibility of a response to occur again and hence are one of the widely accepted measures of corrections (Coon and Mitterer, 2008). Psychologists have observed through a series of experiments that criminals / individuals in general, tend to teach themselves to obey their con sciences through operant conditioning. It has been observed that criminals displayed weaker responses and higher likelihood to return to normal / acceptable behavior after receiving adverse punishments such as injections or shocks (Levinson, 2002). The psychology of criminal behavior is rooted in the fundamental principles of human behavior such as behavioral, social learning and cognitive psychology. Hence any form of punishment which targets individual behavior or aims to alter their behavioral patterns are known to generate favorable results. According to Spiegler and Gueveremont (1998) "behavior therapy arguably has the broadest and strongest empirical base of any form of psychotherapy". (qtd. in Tonry, 2011: 168) However despite the growing evidence regarding the effectiveness of punishments in deterring crime there is no significant relationship between the severity of punishment and seriousness of the crime committed. It has been observed that criminals charged with relativel y lower offences have been confined to longer terms of imprisonment (Clear, Reisig and Cole, 2012). Critical evaluation: The corrections policy and criminal justice system in general have significantly changed over the years. The highly severe forms of punishme

Psychological Effects Of Alcohol On Behavior

Psychological Effects Of Alcohol On Behavior When people think of the negative effects alcohol has on the body, many times people may think of the damage it does to the internal organs. Some of the areas that are affected by alcohol are the liver, the stomach and pancreas, and the kidneys. These are all vital organs that need to remain healthy in order for our bodies to function properly. The effects of alcohol on these organs differ for each person due to the fact that we all have different bodies. Some can consume greater amounts of alcohol with little effects due to the size variation in our bodies. However, the one organ that I believe is affected the same amongst all people would be the brain. Once alcohol starts to effect regions of your brain, you will begin to experience numerous psychological and neurological issues. There are many different psychological and neurological effects that alcohol has on the brain, thus affecting the rest of your body. Anytime you voluntarily or involuntarily alter your psychological or neu rological state, you begin to change your feelings and emotions. Negative Feelings that manifest from alcohol use include nightmares, overwhelming fears, discontent, and restlessness, not to mention the internal damage that is being done during consumption. Personality changes are another component of alcohol abuse. Alcohol can make substantial personality changes that may not be recognized to the naked eye. Once a person is intoxicated, personality traits that can usually be noticed on a regular day-to-day basis have now changed and often take a turn for the worst when alcohol consumption is excessive. There have been many proven cases and studies conducted that yield the effects of alcohol and the results can be very detrimental to ones life. Amongst all of the side-effects associated with alcohol, depression is one of the most common and well known effects your mind and body may experience. Alcohol is considered to be a central nervous system depressant. As we have discussed before, the central nervous system, which consists of the brain, spinal cord and the retina, coordinates the activity of all parts of the body. When alcohol is consumed in large quantities and then circulates throughout the body, it diminishes or slows down the activity within the brain thus affecting the activity of the rest of the body. Regarding depression, alcohol has been shown to lower the level of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. These two chemicals give you your feeling of well being and they help you to feel normal. Without the appropriate amount of these chemicals, you will experience spells of depression. Tests have been conducted to show that after a long period of alcohol free drinking, many have shown improved depression score s. However, those that continue to drink may trigger even more feelings of depression, which in turn causes a person to drink even more, to suppress the feelings of the depression. This is a vicious cycle that could continue on until professional help is sought. Many people that drink alcohol feel that the alcohol will make all of their problems go away, but this is not true at all, if anything alcohol abuse eventually will make things worse in the long run. Not only are your problems still there, but now you also have an addiction to the alcohol and the depression you suffer from becomes more prominent and lasts longer than before. Anxiety is another disease that can sometimes be directly connected with alcohol abuse. When people consume large amounts of alcohol they have a tendency to become stressed from the impact of the alcohol, causing many situations that arise to become blown out of proportion. The long term effects that alcohol has on the nervous system and the problems that the body faces during the alcohol use can sometimes be life threatening. Many people feel that if they drink and just get a buzz off of the alcohol then its alright and no harm is done, but in actuality, the short term satisfaction that one receives from alcohol will give way to a series of stresses on your system that will manifest psychologically. People who abuse alcohol may become selfish or angry about their surroundings and just life in general. Aggression and mood swings are some of the more common traits that are also associated with alcohol abuse. These changes in behavior are brought on by the alcohols effect on serotonin levels in your body which can trigger a persons emotions to spiral out of control causing them to become irate or even combative at times. People who abuse alcohol have a disregard for others feelings and well being. As alcohol affects the body, the brains circuitry decreases as well as the thinking and reasoning process of the brain, which is a common side effect of alcohol abuse. Often times when people are intoxicated, they are willing to do or say anything without any recollection later on what was said or done. Their deductive and inductive reasoning becomes clouded by the alcohol. Those who drink large amounts of alcohol go through a number of denial issues just as you would expect in any other drug addict to go through. People who abuse alcohol will not even notice the fact that they are becoming more and more intoxicated on an everyday basis. Many people may not be able to see what their alcohol dependency is actually doing to them the way someone else can, but the reality of the matter is, it is a progressive illness that worsens over time. The longer a person drinks and the more alcohol that is consumed, the more pronounced the effects will be on their system (Wechsler et al., 1994). These psychological effects of alcohol and the effects it has on ones behavior can be felt over and over again, not just by the person consuming the alcohol but by their family and loved ones as well. There are hangovers felt the morning after and not to mention just the feeling of not knowing what you did after you became intoxicated. For this paper, I researched many experiments conducted which attempted to illustrate or prove the effects alcohol has on ones behavior. Each experiment differs in the research, but all serve the same purpose in the identification of the psychological and neurological effects alcohol has on a person thus effecting their behavior. In the research articles that were conducted, a comparison was completed between people who had been affected by alcoholism and people who had not. The reason for each experiment was to see if alcohol had any effect on an individuals behavior or not. In the first study which was conducted by Wright et. al, a test was conducted to see if adolescents of alcoholics who were college students differ from nonclinical college students on substance abuse, perceived social support, problem solving, and suicidal ideation. They concluded that there was no difference between the two groups.(Wright et. al, 1992). Another study that was conducted by Cooper et. al was give n to see if individual therapy in short-term groups would help to improve test scores (Cooper et. al, 1992). Members of the adolescents of alcoholics also known as ACAs support group and ACA college students were compared by Lashubeck et. al, to see if there was a difference in social support, psychological distress, and hardness among ACAs. From the comparison the study brought forth, it was predicted that there would be some differentiation (Lashubeck et. al, 1992). Also there was a research study conducted by Hall et. al, ACAs and traumatic experience also known as TE groups. They compared the ACA and TE groups to each other. They compared the ACA and the TE groups with a control group; the control group involved people who have sought professional help for their addiction. The study also concentrated on the differences in grade point averages (GPAs) and adults who had been exposed to traumatic events during their childhood (Wechsler et al., 1994). It was concluded that adults wi th childhood traumatic experiences were more likely to encounter difficulties during childhood as well as later in life. The study concluded that there was no difference between the GPAs and the hypothesis that was tested turned out to be true (Hall et.al, 1994). A study was done by Cornelius et.al, to show which of the two control groups had the higher drinking rate. This study was conducted in order to compare the parental drinking among adolescents and adults. The rates of binge drinking and heavy drinking were highest among the teenage group. When tested, adults had a significantly higher average on a daily basis of alcohol prior to pregnancy than adolescents, but the teenagers held the highest rate once they became pregnant (Cornelius et.al, 1994). Winokur et.al conducted a survey, of college students during their first and second year of college in order to observe the development of alcohol usage and their behavior in college. When the study was finished it suggested that eve ry college student who used alcohol during the first year continued to do so during their second year as well. The results suggested that heavy alcohol use is not a main behavior characteristic, but that it is learned in college (Winokur et.al, 1993). In each one of these articles, the researchers used a different variety of tests and surveys either to confirm or negate their hypothesis. The hypothesis that were given in the articles were all supportive to the research except the ones given by Cornelius et al., and Winokur et al. Based on the information given in these articles, alcohol will affect everyone who abuses it in some way shape or form. Another study was taken that, in my opinion, displayed two results. This study would illustrate the effects alcohol has on ones behavior regarding math and grammar, but also see if alcohol effects one type of group more then another. Rationale: Does having a bias opinion to alcohol have a greater or lesser effect on a students math and grammar skills. Hypothesis: One glass of alcohol will have a lesser effect on those students from families of alcoholic parents. (Cornelius et.al, 1994). Subjects: A total of 12 students participated in the experiment, including six students from families with parents who are alcoholics which were the dependent variable and six students not from families with parents who are considered to be alcoholics, and they are the independent variable. Method: Consent to participate was given to all students to sign. Materials that were used in the survey were administered individually to all students who participated. All students were interviewed individually in their dorm rooms. They were unaware of the groups that they were being placed in for the study. Students in this survey were given a glass of alcohol. They drank enough alcohol in order to blow a 0.01 on a reath Alizer machine for the beginning of this experiment. Students were administered a pre-test in grammar and mathematics. The mathematics test will consist of the four basic components of arithmetic which include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, to assure that nothing else will be measured. The grammar test will consist of a sentence completion test. The verb in each sentence will be left out and the student must use the correct verb and present or past tense of the verb. Students then returned a week later to perform the same steps. (Drink enough alcohol in order to blow a 0.01 then take another math and grammar test. Result: The results of this study were analyzed by using the T-test. The scores were analyzed to see if having a predisposition to alcohol has a greater effect on ones mathematics was 95 and the mean score for non-alcoholic parents was 91.67. The data for the independent T test were T= -.21 (SD= 8783.3), with a standard error of 18.74, DF+10, and P*.o5 results were not significant. The number of students in each group was eight. For the participants who did not come from parents of alcoholic parents the means score for grammar was 80. The data from the Independent T test were T=0, with standard error 16.1 (SD= 6466.66), DF=10 and P*.05, results were not significant. Discussion: The hypothesis was not supported One glass of alcohol does not have a lesser effect on those students from families of alcoholic parents. A total of 12 students participated in the experiment, including six students from families with parents who were alcoholics and six students not from families with parents who were alcoholics. In researching this topic and reviewing the various experiments conducted, I found that it is somewhat difficult to predict the extent to which alcohol will have on a particular individual. However, one fact remains, that you can be sure that neurological and psychological effects are evident amongst people who drink alcohol. The amount of alcohol consumed and the consistency of consumption will determine the extent of the neurological and psychological effects. Sometimes the effects are not noticeable by just looking at a person outer appearance but a deeper look into a persons psychological state following a few drinks may tell a different story.