Selections from the Digital Art Gallery essays

Determinations from the Digital Art Gallery articles Intensity of Authority Katrin Eismann, Untitled In this image, we can see a few coins in the waters of a lake; the fundamental coin being a U.S. quarter. Since the water is continually moving, it twists the physical picture of the coin when you take a gander at it from above, yet if you somehow managed to get the coin, it would simply resemble some other coin you would discover in your pocket. I imagine that the coin speaks to the United States in light of what the establishing fathers had for this nation which was opportunity, freedom, and balance; the water represents what governmental issues and the privilege of intensity has done to the nation which is degenerate the national soul and its position to the first vow the establishing fathers had. This is like what Eismann expressed, Eismann recommends that the establishing standards of the United States are in danger of being distorted to where we will no longer remember them. As the perspective on America is beginning to fall for patriotism and the starting points of this land, it ruins our universal plays, the regard of the individuals to the legislature and, in particular, the intensity of the individuals. Force Struggle Peregrine Hong, Bed of Roses This image shows a little youngster lying on the young lady with a red stream going down her body and with many roses coming out of her stomach like inflatables all before a white canvas. This image shows how ladies assumed such a major job on governmental issues and advancing the entire whole world. A womans body is a combat zone for everything in this country. Ladies epitomize force and administration. We have the ability to show our kids to design their prospects, we have the ability to choose life of a person, and we have the force whether to acknowledge obligation. This is like what Honig stated, We advocate for equity. We have the ability to train our little girls to design their lives so they are the best guardians they can be, and the clinical way to... <!

Elevator Pitch about Walmart (OR ANY PUBLIC COMPANY) Essay

Lift Pitch about Walmart (OR ANY PUBLIC COMPANY) - Essay Example Its 2010 money related features uncovered a faltering $99.9 billion income with a net gain of $14.8 billion (IBM: About IBM) There is critical interest for IBM’s items and administrations that extend from programming, frameworks and servers, stockpiling to systems administration, semiconductors and both specialized and client care. The way that Buffet as of late contributed more than $11 billion for IBM stocks show the investor’s strong responsibility for critical possibilities for significant yields. Its present market cost at $192.18 as of December 12, 2011 (Bloomberg Businessweek) demonstrate that the load of genuinely esteemed. As per Seeking Alpha, â€Å"IBMs business quality (an assessment of our ValueCreation and ValueRisk appraisals) positions among the best of the organizations in our inclusion universe. The firm has been producing monetary incentive for investors with moderately stable working outcomes for as far back as scarcely any years, a mix we see very positively† (Seeking Alpha standard. 4). With an advantage base of $113.5 billion and various workers totaling in excess of 425 thousand around the world, IBM stays to be the most monetarily clever and most secure venture that would end up being monetarily remunerating in the coming

MindMeister as a Recruitment and HR Tool - Focus

MindMeister as a Recruitment and HR Tool - Focus One of the great things about MindMeister is that its usage possibilities are endless. Whether you’re mapping out your next business move, organizing chapters in the book you’re writing, or planning the family vacation, MindMeister can do it all. To this end, I started thinking about some of my positions prior to MindMeister, and how mind mapping could have helped solve a problem here or there. While I couldn’t find much use in cruise ship deckhand (although it still remains as one of my all-time favorite jobs), my prior position as a recruiter immediately stood out. Let’s take a look at three examples where recruiters and HR professionals can benefit from MindMeister. Sourcing Strategies Every recruiter worth their salt will tell you that your end hire is only as good as your sourcing strategy. Needless to say, in the highly competitive world of talent acquisition, each recruiters’ technique is different, some successful, others less so. So how do you as a recruiter go about setting up your sourcing strategy? One of the first things that recruiters need to do is break out their needs. What type of skills does a certain employer or position require? Is this a temporary/seasonal job, or one that needs to be filled permanently? What is the appropriate education level for this position? And the list goes on. Certainly, this data, and the associated answers can be stored in a variety of ways, but only MindMeister allows a recruiter to have a complete overview of the entire process at a glance. Applicant Tracking Due to the complexities of Human Resource law, MindMeister might not be a good solution for applicant tracking itself. However, MindMeister will allow recruiters and HR professionals alike the ability to have an overview of their applicant tracking process. Where are resumes coming from? Which sourcer is consistently bringing in top quality candidates? How does recruiter A deal with sourcer B’s applicants vs. recruiter C? Using MindMeister as a planning tool can also aid HR professionals in determining needs and requirements. Do we need an Applicant Tracking System (or upgrade the current one)? How many employees do we need for next year? How are we going to get resumes into the system? What reporting features do we need? Should approved jobs be automatically distributed to job boards? Etc By using MindMeister’s collaboration and integrated chat features, recruiters and HR professionals can work together from either across the office  or across the ocean. The Onboarding Process Onboarding or Orientation as it’s been previously called, has received quite a bit of attention over the past few years. Plenty of HR professionals and recruiters have word documents or PDF’s packed full of useful information, and while an index can point them to this information, it’s far from an exhaustive overview. A good onboarding process is also one that’s continually being improved. The question is â€" how is this process being improved? Enter stage left â€" MindMeister. By mapping out their current onboarding process in a mind map, HR professionals can easily and effectively spot problem and/or weakness areas, as well as continually adjust the process and plan improvements. Using our exclusive History  View, users can easily review their entire process, how it’s changed, what’s improved, and what hasn’t. Internal Sourcing Not exclusive to recruitment, but setting up a Wiki Map for internal use can be a great way to not only give HR professionals a go-to spot to review all human capital needs and wants, but also facilitates inter-office collaboration. The possibility might arise where your operations manager knows of a few college students that are looking for summer work. The production floor is reporting that 3 widget makers resigned this past week. Et voilà! Positions (almost) filled. Likewise, by setting up internal HR and recruitment needs and desires, time lines, and requirements, further transparency is automatically introduced to the corporate culture. Naturally, the owner/creator of the map can choose who to share the map with, as well as format and customize the map to match corporate branding, thereby making it a seamless fit for the organization. The map below is a wikimap, go ahead and play around with it. Please keep in mind, these examples are in no way meant to reflect an exhaustive list of the HR/Recruitment possibilities with MindMeister, but should serve only as jumping off points. And therein lies the beauty of mind mapping with MindMeister; one single idea can lead to many, many branches with subtopics, and even completely new avenues of conversation and collaboration. Get started with mind mapping Sign up for MindMeister Its free! Sign up for MindMeister MindMeister as a Recruitment and HR Tool - Focus One of the great things about MindMeister is that its usage possibilities are endless. Whether you’re mapping out your next business move, organizing chapters in the book you’re writing, or planning the family vacation, MindMeister can do it all. To this end, I started thinking about some of my positions prior to MindMeister, and how mind mapping could have helped solve a problem here or there. While I couldn’t find much use in cruise ship deckhand (although it still remains as one of my all-time favorite jobs), my prior position as a recruiter immediately stood out. Let’s take a look at three examples where recruiters and HR professionals can benefit from MindMeister. Sourcing Strategies Every recruiter worth their salt will tell you that your end hire is only as good as your sourcing strategy. Needless to say, in the highly competitive world of talent acquisition, each recruiters’ technique is different, some successful, others less so. So how do you as a recruiter go about setting up your sourcing strategy? One of the first things that recruiters need to do is break out their needs. What type of skills does a certain employer or position require? Is this a temporary/seasonal job, or one that needs to be filled permanently? What is the appropriate education level for this position? And the list goes on. Certainly, this data, and the associated answers can be stored in a variety of ways, but only MindMeister allows a recruiter to have a complete overview of the entire process at a glance. Applicant Tracking Due to the complexities of Human Resource law, MindMeister might not be a good solution for applicant tracking itself. However, MindMeister will allow recruiters and HR professionals alike the ability to have an overview of their applicant tracking process. Where are resumes coming from? Which sourcer is consistently bringing in top quality candidates? How does recruiter A deal with sourcer B’s applicants vs. recruiter C? Using MindMeister as a planning tool can also aid HR professionals in determining needs and requirements. Do we need an Applicant Tracking System (or upgrade the current one)? How many employees do we need for next year? How are we going to get resumes into the system? What reporting features do we need? Should approved jobs be automatically distributed to job boards? Etc By using MindMeister’s collaboration and integrated chat features, recruiters and HR professionals can work together from either across the office  or across the ocean. The Onboarding Process Onboarding or Orientation as it’s been previously called, has received quite a bit of attention over the past few years. Plenty of HR professionals and recruiters have word documents or PDF’s packed full of useful information, and while an index can point them to this information, it’s far from an exhaustive overview. A good onboarding process is also one that’s continually being improved. The question is â€" how is this process being improved? Enter stage left â€" MindMeister. By mapping out their current onboarding process in a mind map, HR professionals can easily and effectively spot problem and/or weakness areas, as well as continually adjust the process and plan improvements. Using our exclusive History  View, users can easily review their entire process, how it’s changed, what’s improved, and what hasn’t. Internal Sourcing Not exclusive to recruitment, but setting up a Wiki Map for internal use can be a great way to not only give HR professionals a go-to spot to review all human capital needs and wants, but also facilitates inter-office collaboration. The possibility might arise where your operations manager knows of a few college students that are looking for summer work. The production floor is reporting that 3 widget makers resigned this past week. Et voilà! Positions (almost) filled. Likewise, by setting up internal HR and recruitment needs and desires, time lines, and requirements, further transparency is automatically introduced to the corporate culture. Naturally, the owner/creator of the map can choose who to share the map with, as well as format and customize the map to match corporate branding, thereby making it a seamless fit for the organization. The map below is a wikimap, go ahead and play around with it. Please keep in mind, these examples are in no way meant to reflect an exhaustive list of the HR/Recruitment possibilities with MindMeister, but should serve only as jumping off points. And therein lies the beauty of mind mapping with MindMeister; one single idea can lead to many, many branches with subtopics, and even completely new avenues of conversation and collaboration. Get started with mind mapping Sign up for MindMeister Its free! Sign up for MindMeister

Harm de Blij Realms, Regions and Concepts

Harm de Blij (1935-2014) was a famous geographer  known for his studies in regional, geopolitical and environmental geography. He was an author of dozens of books, a professor of geography and he was the Geography Editor for ABC’s ​Good Morning America from 1990 to 1996. Following his stint at ABC de Blij joined NBC News as a Geography Analyst. De Blij died following a battle with cancer on March 25, 2014, at the age of 78. De Blij was born in the Netherlands and according to Michigan State University’s Department of Geography, he obtained his geography  education all over the world. His early education took place in Europe, while his undergraduate education was completed in Africa and his Ph.D. work was done in the United States at Northwestern University. He also has honorary degrees at several American universities for his work. Throughout his career, De Blij has published over 30 books and more than 100 articles. Geography: Realms, Regions and Concepts Of his more than 30 book publications, De Blij is most well-known for his textbook Geography: Realms, Regions and Concepts. This is an exceptionally important textbook because it offers a way to organize the world and its complex geography. The book’s preface says, â€Å"One of our aims is to help students learn important geographic concepts and ideas, and to make sense of our complex and rapidly changing world† (de Blij and Muller, 2010 pp. xiii). In order to meet this goal de Blij’s divides the world into a realm and each chapter of Geography: Realms, Regions and Concepts begins with a definition of a particular realm. Next, the realm is divided into regions within the realm and the chapters go through a discussion of the region. Finally, the chapters also include a variety of major concepts that affect and create the regions and realms. These concepts also help to offer an explanation into why the world is divided into the specific realms and regions. In Geography: Realms, Regions and Concepts, de Blij refers to realms as â€Å"global neighborhoods† and he defines them as â€Å"the basic spatial unit in [his] world regionalization scheme. Each realm is defined in terms of a synthesis of its total human geography†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (de Blij and Muller, 2010 pp. G-5). By that definition a realm is the highest category within de Blij’s breakdown of the world. In order to define his geographic realms de Blij came up with a set of spatial criteria. These criteria include similarities between the physical  environment and humans, the history of areas and how the areas function together via things like fishing ports and transportation routes. When studying realms it should also be noted that although the larger realms are different from each other, there are transition zones between them where differences may blur. World Regions of  Geography: Realms, Regions and Concepts According to de Blij, the world has 12 different realms and each realm is different from the others because they have unique environmental, cultural and organizational properties (de Blij and Muller, 2010 pp.5). The 12 realms of the world are as follows: 1) Europe2) Russia3) North America4) Middle America5) South America6) Subsaharan Africa7) North Africa/Southwest Asia8) South Asia9) East Asia10) Southeast Asia11) Austral Realm12) Pacific Realm Each of these areas is its own realm because they are very different from one another. For example, the European realm is different from the Russian realm due to their different climates, natural resources, histories and political and governmental structures. Europe for instance, has an extremely varied climate within its different countries whereas a large portion of Russia’s climate is very cold and harsh for much of the year. The world’s realms can also be divided into two categories: those that are dominated by one major nation (Russia for example) and those that have many different countries with no dominant nation (Europe for instance). Within each of the 12 geographic realms, there are many different regions and some realms may have more regions than others. Regions are defined as smaller areas within the realm that have similar characteristics in their physical landscapes, climates, people, histories, culture, political structure and governments. The Russian realm includes the following regions: the Russian core and peripheries, the Eastern Frontier, Siberia and the Russian Far East. Each of these regions within the Russian realm is very different from the next. Siberia, for example, is a sparsely populated region and it has a very harsh, cold climate but it is rich in natural resources. By contrast, the Russian core and peripheries, particularly the areas around Moscow and St. Petersburg, are very heavily populated and though this area has a harsher climate than regions in say, the Austral Realm, its climate is milder than the Siberian region within the Russian realm. In addition to realms and regions, de Blij is known for his work on concepts. Various concepts are listed throughout Geography: Realms, Regions and Concepts and many different ones are discussed in each chapter to explain the different realms and regions throughout the world. Some concepts discussed about the Russian realm and its regions include oligarchy, permafrost, colonialism and population decline. These concepts are all important things to study in geography and they are important to the Russian realm because they make it different from other realms in the world. Different concepts such as these also make the regions of Russia different from one another. Permafrost, for example, is a significant landscape characteristic found in northern Siberia that makes that region different from the Russian core. It could also help to explain why the region is more sparsely populated since building is more difficult there. It is concepts such as these that explain how the world’s realms and regions have come to be organized. Importance of Realms, Regions and Concepts Harm de Blij’s realms, regions and concepts is an extremely important topic within the study of geography because it represents a way to break down the world into organized, easy to study pieces. It is also a clear and concise way to study world regional geography. The use of these ideas by students, professors, and the general public is shown in the popularity of Geography: Realms, Regions and Concepts. This textbook was first published in 1970 and it has since had 15 different editions and sold over 1.3 million copies. It was estimated to have been used as a textbook in 85% of undergraduate regional geography classes.

What You Should Do to Find Out About Junior Essay Samples Before Youre Left Behind

What You Should Do to Find Out About Junior Essay Samples Before You're Left Behind My academic qualifications prove that my dedication and individual qualities will go quite a distance in my general development. Literature is also regarded as an interesting portion of the topic. however, it isn't o popular since most students aren't able to fathom the criticality of the exact same. Status of a parent or family background of parents effect the evolution of a young child what's status of a kid in their house. Most likely, the students will truly enter a play, and it gives everyone an opportunity to show off their distinctive talent. The Fundamentals of Junior Essay Samples That You Will be Able to Learn From Starting Right Away Writing an outline is a rather effective approach to think through how you'll organize and present the data in your essay. Everything will get far better. Writing good compositions is essential in the English Language in the feeling that it permits th e student to have the ability to express what is in their mind regarding a specific matter. It is critical that the application essay is personal and distinctive. The introduction or the introductory paragraph is quite a relevant facet of your essay on account of the simple fact it states the most important idea of your composition. Just writing the essay outline is not going to do, you have to be well conscious of how to use the exact same to propagate your essay. In English Language, compositions or essays actually are one of the most crucial facets of the subject. The essay demands proficient handling and expert strategy. A number of the essays require that you describe what's happening and a number of them are about why it's happening. A well-written essay doesn't guarantee that you are going to be accepted into an organization, much is dependent on whether you satisfy the selection criteria. For instance, if you're writing an essay on How Global Warming can be decreased, it's going to be a great idea which you take a minute to define what global warming is about in your introductory paragraph. The last point to observe is the best way to compose a conclusion for an expository essay. The subject can be associated with science or literature. These forms of essays attempt to demonstrate the way you can present a specific candidate and also show that the person has been qualified to join the organization. These IELTS sample essays are categorised in a manner that makes it simple for you to observe how certain essay question types ask that you give certain responses to be sure the question is completely answered. The Hidden Gem of Junior Essay Samples You might take note that national junior honor society essays are somewhat difficult to learn at first. The structure of organization is extremely spread, it is composed of many chapters in high schools around the nation. On the contrary, it would motivate me to do better in my classes to be able to continue to keep my GPA in the most suitable place so that I would have the ability to keep on participating in NHS without fo rgetting the significance of being a true scholar. Nowadays you possess the chance to demonstrate your potential and a strategy to attain success throughout long classes and studying at home. Public schools may not offer religious instruction but might teach about religion. It's possible that you visit a service offering written help online. College admissions officers have the daunting job of sifting through hundreds (or in some instances thousands) of applications and selecting the applicants that satisfy the admission criteria. Consequently, students from all institutions are going to have a chance to access similar working materials no matter their status. Leadership is among the most significant traits to have not just in school but outside too. Statement of Purpose is among the hardest thing that you'll ever write if you apply to graduate school. National Junior Honor Society is a fantastic opportunity.

The Harmful Effects of Timbering Free Essays

How does the role of politics and legislation that affect the timber industry today compare to that of a hundred years ago? In the early years of West Virginia†s statehood there was a government that tried to build it†s own identity. Starting out as an underdeveloped state that was rich in natural resources, there was an urgency to erect industry within West Virginia. Upon examination of West Virginia today, one can see the same desire to maintain and increase industry in the state. We will write a custom essay sample on The Harmful Effects of Timbering or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is my belief that today, as well as a hundred years ago, the government views industry as it†s top priority versus state residents and the safety of the environment. I will now attempt to compare and contrast the role politics and legislation has played in the growth and development of the timber industry in the state of West Virginia for the last 100 years. In the early years of West Virginia statehood a definite emphasis was put on industrial growth. Before this industrial growth there was a revolution that took place. As a result of the Constitution of 1863, the law became more industry oriented and moved away from being a protector of philosophy and culture. Following the Constitution of 1872, there was a facilitation to allow the â€Å"transfer of land from smallholders to the coal and lumber companies (Lewis p.103-105).† One of the main goals in the early years of statehood in West Virginia was to establish a strong, striving capitalistic economy. However, their ideas on how to achieve this varied throughout the state. Should the state remain an agricultural society, or move to an industrial society? This struggle continued, and this is when the role government played in the economy was determined (Lewis p. 106). As the timber industry grew in West Virginia â€Å"lumbermen began to demand that the law help them to overcome their lack of capital so they could develop the state†s resources.† The greatest problem at this time was the lack of transportation. The government began to accommodate the timber industry. Corporations were given the right to dam streams or change their flow, with legal permission (Lewis p.107). Ronald Lewis, author of Transforming the Appalachian Countryside, writes that: Public subsidy to improve water transportation for lumber was never undertaken in West Virginia, especially in comparison to with the public assistance provided to railroads. The lumber industry during this period developed no giant corporations that could compare with the railroads, and so its ability to exert political power was comparatively limited. It was through indirect stimulus that the law promoted investment in the lumber industry, which conformed the theme of nineteenth century policy (Lewis p.108). The timber industry flourished through an â€Å"indirect stimulus† of breaks given and provided to the railroads. Legislators gave entrepreneurs many rights to assist with industrial growth, such as building dams across streams or changing the path of a stream, so long as it did not interfere with steamboats and other lumber companies. If a log washed up on someone†s personal property and they disturbed it within the first ten days, they were punishable by law (Lewis p.108). According to Ronald Lewis it is the belief of James Willard Hurst, a prominent legal scholar and I concur, that the government sided with business and exploited the people. There is enough evidence of court decisions and legislation that favors industry and business over the common man, to validate Hurst†s belief. The previous paragraphs depict an industry that thrived although it has slowed down somewhat in the last 100 years. Now, I am going to examine the timber industry in West Virginia today. My source will be Ken Ward†s articles that have appeared in the Charleston Gazette about the regulations imposed on the timber industry. Ward†s articles, in my opinion, are biased in favor of the timber industry. However, when writing upon a subject that is so controversial, it is nearly impossible to not show a bias. An examination of how things have changed, will not show a great deal. However, it is safe to say that more money changes hands today. Today there are more regulations, mostly where permits and licenses are concerned than 100 years ago. â€Å"Anyone who is conducting timber operations, purchasing timber, or buying logs for resale has to obtain a permit from the division of Forestry (Ward, State timbering law).† To attain and keep this license, applicants have to pay $50 a year. At every timber operation there has to be at least one person who has completed a certification course from the Division of Forestry. This person is trained in first aid, soil erosion prevention, and safe conduct of timbering (Ward, State timbering law). The Forestry Division is supposed to be notified within three days of any and all timbering operations. The notification should include the names of those who own the timber. There should also be included a sketch map of the location complete with roads used for the hauling and stream crossings (Ward, State timbering law). In Ken Ward†s article, †¦Critics say more rules are necessary, but backers say present law is sufficient, a Morgantown geologist, Richard diPretoro stated that he believes the timber industry is under-regulated, comparatively speaking. The coal industry, which is much bigger than timbering in West Virginia today, has much stricter regulations. Strip Miners have to return the land to previous contour when they are finished. Those in the timber industry can leave the land any way they so desire (Ward, Critics say more rules†¦). Loggers are supposed to follow a set of guidelines known as â€Å"best management practices.† These are a set of voluntary guidelines set up to protect the environment. Environmentalist would like to see regulations for the timber industry become more stringent. However, the director of the state Division of Forestry, Bill Maxey, feels that they have more regulations than they need. I†m not sure that Bill Maxey†s statement is free of prejudice, because the Division of Forestry is responsible for overseeing loggers and well as promoting the growth of wood product businesses. In my opinion, that would be conflict of interest. Many people interviewed in Ward†s article discuss how the environmental damage done by the coal industry is more harmful and will last longer than that of the timber industry. Joel Stopha, a wood products marketing specialist, states, â€Å"Poor timber harvesting practices will cause only a few years of water quality problems(Ward, Critics say more rules†¦).† We have the means to ensure that we have no water quality problems whatsoever. So, how does the role of politics and legislation compare in regards to the timber industry today to that of 100 years ago? I believe that the state government is still mainly focused on the growth of industry in West Virginia just as we were in the beginning of our statehood. Today we see more regulation in the form of different fees and licenses required. As with everything else in this world, things change. Of course, the timber industry is no different. However, other than the natural changes that occur, there really has not been a huge change in the fact that the state government still favors industry over the state residents and this is reflected in the way the state government is failing to enforce the laws that protect the bodies of water in this state by allowing the timber industry to contaminate bodies of water even if it is for â€Å"only a couple of years.† How to cite The Harmful Effects of Timbering, Essay examples

Snow Goose Overpopulation Essay Example

Snow Goose Overpopulation Paper The Overpopulation of the Snow Goose in North America Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore available research on the overpopulation of the Snow Goose on the North American continent. The snow goose has been rising in population since the middle of the century and has been escalating so much it is destroying their natural habitat. Wildlife managers have just recently begun to implement strategies to combat this problem. Mainly through the use of hunters the managers are trying to curb the population growth. Introduction There are three main species of Snow Goose of primary concern. The Lesser Snow Goose (LOGO) is the must abundant and at the same time most troublesome. Rossi Goose (ERGO) is very similar to the Lesser and can only be distinguished by close observation. Both the Lesser and the Ross nest in salt marshes along Hudson Bay and then migrate down to the gulf coast states such as Texas and Louisiana. Their populations number in the millions. The third sub species is the Greater Snow Goose. They nest in the same marshes as the others except they migrate down the Atlantic Coast into the Carolinas and that vicinity. All three species have exploded in numbers since he sasss. Researchers have done a lot of study on the numbers and the degradation but may need to do more studies on the impact to other species and look for other options to control the populations. Population Trends The numbers of all light colored geese has been on the rise since data was first collected. The Lesser Snow Goose (LOGO) has drastically increased in number since data was first taken. Numbers range from around 800,000 in 1969 to as many as 6 million in 1996 (COWS 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on Snow Goose Overpopulation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Snow Goose Overpopulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Snow Goose Overpopulation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer While the Greater snow Goose (EGGS) has risen in numbers from a few thousand to almost 500,000 COWS 1999). This brief article did not provide much insight into actual numbers. Abraham and Jiffies in their report dig deeper and provide more significant and detailed population counts. Their numbers add in the Mid- winter index, which is the number of geese counted during mid-winter and referred to as MI. Their numbers also have a count for Ross Goose (ERGO) which primarily flies with the (LOGO) and is very hard to distinguish (Abraham and Jiffies 1998). They too suggest the LOGO population to be around 800,000 in 1 969 and in 1994 about 2. 4 million. Although it is suggested that he number is low due an undercount during the winter and a more precise count may be taken when nesting in spring. The population of Greater Snow Goose has reached 612,000 from around 50,000 in the mid sasss. Rossi Goose has increased from 8,000 in 1957 to nearly 500,000 in 1995 (Abraham and Jiffies). The Texas Department of Fish and Wildlife states that the population of wintering snow geese has remained constant. They imply this is due to the fact that the geese have spread their winter range into other states (TADS 1999). As indicated earlier it is very hard to count wintering rids because such a large number of wintering areas. Below are a few graphs of these population trends (COWS 1 999) (Insisting 98) (Insisting 1 998) Factors contributing to High Population The snow goose problem is a wildlife managers nightmare. Through prudent restrictions on birds taken as game, and the increase in refuges coupled with excellent habitat in the birds entire range. It is estimated that there is nearly 900,000 ha of rice fields over the snow gooses winter range (Abraham and Jiffies 1998). This is in addition to the typical salt marsh wintering ground. Abraham and Jiffies suggest that farther to the North in dates like Nebraska and North Dakota the conversion of grassland prairie into cereal grains has provided a tremendous amount of food for the geese. In addition it has also blurred the area typically considered the wintering range. It may also provide a natural rest stop along the way for migrating birds assuring greater health at nesting grounds (Abraham and Jiffies 1998). The establishment of refugees has reduced the amount of birds taken by hunters allowing more birds to complete a full migration cycle (COWS 1999). Hunting of the Greater Snow Goose was banned in the us from 1931-75 Abraham and Jiffies 1998). Hunting was not allowed to promote population numbers, and once started in 1 975 did not have a high harvest. The LOGO and ERGO starting in the middle of the asss and continually have extended their nesting range south into less extreme climate (Abraham and Jiffies 1998). It has also been suggested that since birds are now living longer the older adults are now leading the less wary young to safer sites and out of hunters range (Insisting 1998). Insisting also suggests that the artic may be warming and as Abraham and Jiffies cited there has been shown a relation between the snow melt and survival of nesting birds and their young. According to Hodge the annual kill by hunters in 1 970 neared 40% but in 1994 the rate had dropped to less than 8%. Thus allowing a great deal of the adult population to return to nesting sites in the spring. Impact on habitat The snow geese still nest in a primarily salt marsh environment. The geese have a detrimental feeding behavior in which they pull up the marsh grass by the roots. This behavior is know as grubbing and when done in mass quantities can destroy whole marshes for decades. A project known as the Hudson Bay Project: Ecosystem Studies and Conservation of Coastal Arctic Tundra has done extensive research onto the effects of the snow goose population on the area around Hudson Bay. Researchers there estimate that it takes decades to replace a marsh that has been decimated by the geese. It has been shown by the Hudson Bay Project that repeated grubbing on the salt marsh in the Hudson Bay area has effectively depleted a large percentage of the available marsh. The geese completely strip the marsh of grass, and can ruin a marsh for a long period of time. The project researchers set up exclusion zones where they fenced off part of the marsh to demonstrate and measure the effects of grubbing and overpopulation on marshes. The exclusion zone would maintain green patch of grass while the rest of the marsh would become barren and undesirable (Hudson Bay Project 1999). Some have suggested they are damaging the crops in their winter range, but it is also known that a large portion of their winter food is waste grain, not a huge environmental impact as in their nesting grounds. It is estimated nearly 35 percent of their nesting territory has been completely destroyed and another 30 percent so badly damaged that is not viable and the remaining 35 percent is in grave danger of becoming wasted (Hodge 1999). Exclusion zones showing marsh grass depletion. (Hudson Bay Project) Degraded marsh. (Hudson Bay Project) Impact on other Species The impact on other species is the major whole I have seen in the research done to date, I had a real hard time finding any concrete evidence that the high number of geese was negatively affecting other species. The Hudson Bay Project and Hodge both claim that it is and will affect other species such as ducks and shore birds. While it might be easy to draw the conclusion that grading of their habitat will send the populations into decline just dont see much hard evidence, and it would be nice in future studies to have a correlation between the increase in Snow goose population and a decrease in say the yellow rail population. Abraham and Jiffies make and excellent point The scale of the problem and associated level of risk to the broader populations requires intensive study, including some calculation of the proportion of total range of the species affected by goose damage. It is clear, however, that the interaction is dynamic, and the rapid occupation of new areas by geese increases the threat to other species even as the effects are being calculated. Management Strategies The general consensus among many groups is that a very large percentage of the population needs to be eliminated. There are two main ways now that birds a killed. That is through aboriginal egging and Recreational hunting. The amount to which hunting is disputed (Paul 1999). Paul points to seemingly different numbers by two different groups each suggesting the recommended kill or harvest of the Snow goose. Mrs.. Paul also points out that on the extreme end the harvest rate would have to increase by 9 fold to eave the desired effect on the overall population. To have this desired effect the US and Canadian governments have agreed to expand hunting in hopes of nabbing more birds. Texas even has proposed a special permit for some hunters that would allow them to take as many as 100 more birds than they did last year. The Canadian government is also looking into Ways to encourage aboriginal peoples to take more eggs for subsistence. States are being encouraged to do what is necessary to increase hunting opportunities for the Snow goose. Some are considering putting pressure on private land owners to allow more hunting. Refugee managers are also toying with opening up more hunting on previously denoted safe zones. Manitoba has opened up a special Lesser Snow Goose hunting season in the spring and allowed hunters to use electronic calls (COWS 1999). Electronic calls are thought to increase the chances for hunters. Will it Work? One of the main concerns for all involved is will it work? Paul stresses the point that we must consider if the strategies will allow for complete recovery of the grass. Should the Refuge system be modified? Are our practices for other migratory birds going to lead to similar problems? (Paul 1 999) It is estimated that hunters will need to kill over 900,000 geese a year for over a decade to make any kind of dent in the population (Hodge 1999). Some are skeptical that hunters can take that many birds to begin with, let alone the fact that to many that seems like a merciless slaughter of innocent animals. Conclusion It appears that one thing is very clear there is an overpopulation of Snow Geese on the North American Continent. The situation is almost out Of hand and something needs to be done fast. Although there has enough research on the fact that there are simply to many geese there really has not been enough on the impacts to other species, and what is the best way to take care of the problem.